Global Environment and International Finance.ppt
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1、2022/5/251 1 Global Environment and International Finance Global Environment and International Finance - -The idea of Global Carbon Money as a world single currencyThe idea of Global Carbon Money as a world single currency- -(discussion paper)(discussion paper) 2 2ndnd December 2009, December 2009,
2、Niigata, Japan Niigata, Japan Chikara Furuya Chikara Furuya Institute for International Monetary Affairs Institute for International Monetary Affairs Tokyo Tokyo Niigata University Niigata University Graduate School of Modern Society and Culture Graduate School of Modern Society and Culture from Gre
3、ed to Green 2022/5/2532022/5/253Content PreludePreludethe global environmentthe global environment and the international finance and the international finance ,J. M. Keyness suggestionJ. M. Keyness suggestionPhotosPhotosClimate Change Climate Change and International Finance Good Medicine 1 Environm
4、ental Finance Good Medicine 2 Carbon Money 2022/5/2542022/5/254PreludeThe earth can meet our need, but not our greed. (Mahatma Gandhi)I hope that this short inquiry could review the current situations and points of issues regarding hope that this short inquiry could review the current situations and
5、 points of issues regarding to the significant theme “the potentiality of to the significant theme “the potentiality of Environmental Finance Development and Environmental Finance Development and Global Global Carbon Money ”. It is a great pleasure for me to discuss this theme with all of you at thi
6、s Carbon Money ”. It is a great pleasure for me to discuss this theme with all of you at this opportunity. I sincerely hope that this consideration would be further strengthened by my opportunity. I sincerely hope that this consideration would be further strengthened by my friends and also you could
7、 start to consider this cool ideas with me.friends and also you could start to consider this cool ideas with me. 2022/5/255Once upon a time, the combination of Once upon a time, the combination of the international finance and the environmental protection, the international finance and the environme
8、ntal protection, were regarded as mostly independent.were regarded as mostly independent.And now it is regarded as the challenging attempt And now it is regarded as the challenging attempt under the context of under the context of the “Symbiosis with the Global environment”.the “Symbiosis with the G
9、lobal environment”.The study on The study on “ “the Environmentalizationthe Environmentalization” ” of the international financeof the international finance is to is to install install Safety deviceSafety device “ “ in the mechanism of the current economic system.in the mechanism of the current econ
10、omic system.The global environmentThe global environment and and the international financethe international finance J. M. Keyness suggestionECX(European Carbon Exchange)With Ms.Sala Stahl at ECXECX Head Office in London which is the Largest Carbon Exchange in Europe.With Carbon Traders at Globa Mark
11、ets,Carbon Banking of Fortis BankFortis Bank in Amsterdam Nederland,Mr.Peter de Waal, Ms.Patricia Rosenthal, Ms.Arine Verbeeck,Mr.Bene PerdokCarbon Trading room at Carbon Banking of Fortis BankFortis Bank in Amsterdam NederlandCarbon market and Fortis BankWith Mr.Max Wirsching Economistof Economic R
12、esearch Dept. of KfW, Frankfurt am Main,Gernany, Carbon and KfWWith Ms.Fujiwara at CEPSCEPS Head office, in Brussels,Belgium,EU capitolCEPS in EU CapitolMs.Helen Champion Carbon Money creator of DefraDefra of U.K.government in London,U.K.Carbon Money and Defra of U.K. With Dr.Yael Parag of The Resea
13、rch Centre for Environment , Oxford UniversityOxford UniversityClimate Change 2022/5/25142022/5/25141. Magic Hourglass Source; Daly, Harman (1996). Beyond Growth: The Economics of Sustainable Development.Note; it is called “ Nicholas Roegen hourglass“” The upper half of the hourglass is the Space. A
14、nd the lower half of the hourglass is the Earth. Yellow sand is Sunlight and orange sand is Fossil fuel. Sunlight in space reaches the earth by constant amount through the constriction. And, the carbon is transformed through the plant photosynthesis. The sunlight that pours down on the earth enters
15、a high entropy state when reaching the bottom of the hourglass. This hourglass cannot be made inverted. 1515 2. Human activities and Climate Change For over the past 200 years, the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal and oil, and deforestation have caused the concentrations of heat-trapping greenh
16、ouse gases to increase significantly in our atmosphere. These gases prevent heat from escaping to space, somewhat like the glass panels of a greenhouse.Source; USEPA(2009),”Climate Change”The information on these pages is drawn primarily from consensus documents that include assessments of the Inter
17、governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the U.S. Climate Change Science Program. Data described and illustrated originate from the monitoring and analysis of NOAA, NASA and the Department of Energy.Source; USEPA(2009),”Climate Change”Reference 1Greenhouse effectSource; USEPA(2009),”Climate C
18、hange”3. Human activities and Greenhouse effect During the past century humans have substantially added to the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, oil and gasoline to power our cars, factories, utilities and appliances. 2022/5/25182022/5/25
19、18 4. The earths surface temperatureSource; NASA GISS(2007),”Global average near surface temperatures”Source; IPCC(2007),”A report of Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change”Reference 2 Radiative forcings (IPCC Report) Reference 3 IPCC ReportSource; IPCC(2007),”A report of W
20、orking Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change”2022/5/25212022/5/2521Reference 4 Greenhouse gas and the Global Warming ( I.P.C.C.) 280 p.p.m. (GHG(Green House Gas) incl.CO2 pre-industrial revolution global stock 1850) 430p.p.m. (2008) +2.5p.p.m each year 450550p.p.m. (Critical point
21、 of no return) +2.5p.p.m each year750p.p.m. (+ 5C warmer than 1850)Source; IPCC(2007),4th report (Jan 2007) Note;CO21ppm=1 CO2 per 1million 2022/5/2522 5 5. Ecological Footprint & Carbon FootprintSource ; Global Footprint Network(2009), “Humanitys overall Ecological Footprint” Reference 5 Details of
22、 Carbon Footprint Reference 6 Carbon Emissions Reference 7 What will happen in the future if we do nothing? Climate model simulations predict an increase in average surface air temperature of about 2.5C by the year 2100 (Kattenberg et al., 1996). that sea-levels will rise by approximately 49 cm over
23、 the next 100 years, with a range of uncertainty of 20-86 cm. (The IPCC Second Assessment Report) 6. Stern ReviewIn the Stern Review on the economics of climate change This review estimated that this unmanaged climate change would be equivalent to losing at least 5% and up to 20% of global GDP each
24、year. And this review recognize this problem as one of risk management and ask the insurance question of whether the insurance payments are worth the gains in terms of risk reduction. Answer is to give costs of action of 1 or 2 % of GDP for a few decades. 7.What can we do? Firstly, we need to aware
25、how we impact global warming. Secondly, we have to start our action in order to minimize our impact to global environment in every occasions ,not only economic activity in industry sector (manufacturing, transporting etc.) but also making the right product choices as consumer in household sector .Cl
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