2019年12月英语六级浏览真题及答案 第1套 仔细浏览2篇.docx
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1、2019年12月英语六级浏览真题及答案第1套仔细浏览2篇PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledontunderstandhowtheactchangesus,saysDanAriely,behavioralpsychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyastheageoftwo.Someexpertsevenconsiderlyingadevelo
2、pmentalmilestone,likecrawlingandwalking,becauseitrequiressophisticatedplanning,attentionandtheabilitytoseeasituationfromsomeoneelsesperspectivetomanipulatethem.But,formostpeople,lyinggetslimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.HarvardcognitiveneuroscientistJoshuaGreenesays.for
3、mostofus,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hegavesubjectsachancetodeceiveformonetarygainwhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRImachine,whichmapsbloodflowtoactivepartsofthebrain.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstantlyandinstinctively.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowedincreasedactivityintheirfrontalparietal(颅腔壁的)cont
4、rolnetwork,whichisinvolvedindifficultorcomplexthinking.Thissuggeststhattheyweredecidingbetweentruthanddishonestyandultimatelyoptingforthelatter.Forafollow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneural(神经的)rewardcentresweremoreactivewhentheywonmoneywerealsomorelikelytobeamongthegroupofliars-suggestingthatl
5、yingmayhavetodowiththeinabilitytoresisttemptation.Extremalconditionsalsomatterintermsofwhenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshows,whenweareabletorationaliseit,whenwearestressedandfatiguedorsecothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytoliewhenwehavemoralremindersorwhenwethinkothersarewatch
6、ing.Weasasocietyneedtounderstandthat,whenwedontpunishlying,weincreasetheprobabilityitwillhappenagain,Arielysays.Ina2016studypublishedinthejournalNatureNeuroscience,Arielyandcolleaguesshowedhowdishonestyalterspeoplesbrains,makingiteasiertotellliesinthefuture.Whenpeopleutteredafalsehood,thescientistsn
7、oticedaburstofactivityintheiramygdala.Theamygdalaisacrucialpartofthebrainthatproducesfear,anxietyandemotionalresponsesincludingthatsinking,guiltyfeelingyougetwhenyoulie.Butwhenscientistshadtheirsubjectsplayagame-inwhichtheywonmoneybydeceivingtheirpartner,theynoticedthenegativesignalsfromtheamygdalab
8、egantodecrease.Notonlythat,butwhenpeoplefacednoconsequencesfordishonesty,theirfalsehoodstendedtogetevenmoresensational.Thismeansthatifyougivepeoplemultipleopportunitiestoliefortheirownbenefit,theystartwithlittlelieswhichgetbiggerovertime.46.Whydosomeexpertsconsiderlyingamilestoneinachildsdevelopment
9、?A)Itshowstheyhavetheabilitytoviewcomplexsituationsfromdifferentangles.B)Itindicatestheyhaveanabilitymoreremarkablethancrawlingandwalking.C)Itrepresentstheirabilitytoactivelyinteractwithpeoplearoundthem.D)Itinvolvesthecoordinationofboththeirmentalandphysicalabilities.47.WhydoestheHarvardneuroscienti
10、stsaythatlyingtakeswork?A)Itishardtochoosefromseveraloptions.B)Itisdifficulttosoundnaturalorplausible.C)Itrequiresspeedybloodflowintoonesbrain.D)Itinvolveslotsofsophisticatedmentalactivity.48.Underwhatcircumstancesdopeopletendtolie?A)Whentheybecometooemotional.B)Whentheyfacetoomuchpeerpressure.C)Whe
11、nthetemptationistoostrong.D)Whentheconsequencesarenotimminent.49.Whenarepeoplelesslikelytolie?A)Whentheyarewormoutandstressed.B)Whentheyareunderwatchfuleyes.C)Whentheythinkinarationalway.D)Whentheyhaveaclearconscience.50.Whatdoestheauthorsaywillhappenwhenaliardoesnotgetpunished?A)Theymayfeeljustifie
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