高中英语 虚拟语气的用法课件 新人教版.ppt
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1、Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气松原市九洲教育辅导学校松原市九洲教育辅导学校 姜文生姜文生 虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设虚拟条件句主句例句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式(be动词用动词用were)主语主语+should, would, could, might + 动词原形动词原形如果我有时间,我就参加会议如果我有时间,我就参加会议If I had time, I would attend the meeting.如果我是你,我就会抓住去国外的机遇如果我是你,我就会抓住去国外的机遇If I were you, I should seiz
2、e the chance to go abroad.如果我是你,我就呆在家里如果我是你,我就呆在家里If I were you, I should stay at home. 如果农民自己种地,粮食产量就会高如果农民自己种地,粮食产量就会高If the peasants could farm the land themselves, food production would be much higher. .如果少种经济作物,能产更多的粮食如果少种经济作物,能产更多的粮食If fewer cash crops were grown, more food could be produced a
3、nd there would be less or no starvation与过去事实相反的假设与过去事实相反的假设If + 主语主语 + had + 过去分词过去分词主语主语+should, would, could, might + have + 过去分词过去分词如果你听我的劝告,你考试就不能不及格如果你听我的劝告,你考试就不能不及格If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.如果你要是昨天来,你就见到他了如果你要是昨天来,你就见到他了If you had come yesterday, you w
4、ould have met him. 如果飓风发生在白天,会有更多的死亡如果飓风发生在白天,会有更多的死亡If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many deaths.与将来事实相反的假设与将来事实相反的假设If+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式If+主语主语+were to +动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+should+动词原形动词原形主语主语+should, would, could, might + 动词原形动词原形如果你明天来,我们就开会了如果你明天来,我们就开会了If you c
5、ame tomorrow, we would have the meeting.如果明天下雨,运动会将推迟如果明天下雨,运动会将推迟If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.如果他明天不能来,我们应该把会议推迟到如果他明天不能来,我们应该把会议推迟到下周一下周一If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果你明天来,我们就开会如果你明天来,我们就开会If you came tomorrow,
6、we would have the meeting. 如果明天下雨,庄稼就有救了如果明天下雨,庄稼就有救了If it should rain, the crops would be saved.错综时间条件句:错综时间条件句:有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),(表示错综时间的虚拟语气),这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果
7、你当初听了医生的话,如果你当初听了医生的话,身体现在就好了。身体现在就好了。以上句型可以转换成下列形式以上句型可以转换成下列形式:从句省略从句省略if,用倒装句式用倒装句式were, had, should+主语主语“。If I were in school again,I would woek harder.Were I in school again, I would work harder. If you had been here eralier, you would have seen himHad you been here earlier, you would have seen
8、 him. If there should be a meeting tomorrow,I would comeShould there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.If he should come,tell him to ring me upShould he come, tell him to ring me up.If I were you, I would not do itWere I you ,I would not do it.含蓄条件句:含蓄条件句:句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用某句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是利用某他手段或方式
9、来暗示存在虚拟条件。其虚拟他手段或方式来暗示存在虚拟条件。其虚拟的结构形式通过主句来表现。常用来表示的结构形式通过主句来表现。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的方式有:含蓄虚拟条件的方式有:(1)介词或介词短语(代替状语从句):)介词或介词短语(代替状语从句):but for(要不是(要不是),),without(假若没有(假若没有),),with(假若有(假若有)没有你的帮助,我就不能成功没有你的帮助,我就不能成功I would not have succeeded but for your help.With your help,I could have finished the work ahea
10、d of time. 如果有你的帮助的话,我本可以提前完成如果有你的帮助的话,我本可以提前完成这项工作。这项工作。Without air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有空气和水,地球上就不会存如果没有空气和水,地球上就不会存在生物。在生物。But for the rain,we should have had a pleasant journey. 如果不是因为下雨,旅途会很愉快。如果不是因为下雨,旅途会很愉快。What would you do with a million dollars? 如果有了一百
11、万美元,你会做什么?如果有了一百万美元,你会做什么?用用or,otherwise(否则否则),等类似转折词,等类似转折词他打电话通知我你的生日,否则我还啥都他打电话通知我你的生日,否则我还啥都不知道不知道He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have knownnothing about it.那天我生病了。不然的话,我会参加运动会那天我生病了。不然的话,我会参加运动会I was ill that day. Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.根
12、据上下文语境来表示某种假设情况根据上下文语境来表示某种假设情况Five minutes earlier and you could have met her at the station. 早来五分钟的话,你就能在车站见到他了。早来五分钟的话,你就能在车站见到他了。你可以做的更好,但你没尽力你可以做的更好,但你没尽力You could have done better,but you didnt try you best.省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的省去条件从句或主句:表示虚拟语气的主句或从句有时可以省略,主句或从句有时可以省略,但其含义仍可以推知。但其含义仍可以推知。(1)省去条件从句
13、。如)省去条件从句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了省去了If you had wanted to)(事实是事实是:你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。你自己没洗衣服,因为你不想洗。)2)省去主句)省去主句(常用以表示愿望常用以表示愿望)。如。如:If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊!(事实是事实是:祖母已不在世。祖母已不在世。);If only she had not left! 如果她没走就好了如果她
14、没走就好了!(事实是事实是:她已经走了她已经走了由由if only (要是(要是,那该多好啊!),那该多好啊!)If only I had passed the test !If only it stopped raining!比较比较if only与与only if only if表示表示只有只有;if only则表示则表示如果如果就好了就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。也可用于陈述语气。I wake up _the alarm clock rings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。_the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响了,就好了。当时闹钟响了
15、,就好了。_he comes early.但愿他早点回来。但愿他早点回来。 only ifIf onlyIf only在含有在含有if it were not for 或或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中条件句的虚拟语气中. 如如:If it were not for the rain, the crops would die If it had not been for your help, we could not have finished the work ahead of time在带有在带有even if/ even though引导的引导的让步状语
16、从句的主从复合句中,让步状语从句的主从复合句中,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,主句和从句都用虚拟语气,动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。相同。在在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法:引导的状语从句中用法:注:注:as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大,就要用正常时态来描绘。例情况真实性、可能性很大,就要用正常时态来描绘。例如:如:It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。天看起来象要下雨。(下雨的可能性很大。)(下雨的
17、可能性很大。)如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚其谓语动词的虚拟式与拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。如:后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。如: 1)The man speaks as if he were a foreigner. 2)They talked as if they had been good friends for years. 虚拟语气的其他用法虚拟语气的其他用法(be用用were)或或 “had十过去分词十过去分词”。如。如:他对待我就好像我是陌生人似的他对待我就好像我是陌生人似的He treated
18、me as if I were a stranger. 她谈论这部电影好像她真的看过似的她谈论这部电影好像她真的看过似的She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.注注:如果表示的事情可能会发生,如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。可用陈述语气。wish宾语从句的时态过去过去现在现在将来将来过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时 (be多用于多用于were)would/could/might动词原形动词原形宾语从句宾语从句(1)wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句与现在事
19、实相反与现在事实相反, 用用were或动词的一般过或动词的一般过我希望她在这我希望她在这I wish she were here. 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反, 用用had+过去分词过去分词;我希望她当时听我的劝告我希望她当时听我的劝告 I wish she had taken my advice表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望望,用用would/could/might+动词原形动词原形,后的从句不能用后的从句不能用should.我希望你明天和我去我希望你明天和我去 I wish you would go with us tomorrow(2)表示要求表
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