中考英语复习资料:主谓一致考点集汇、讲解和训练习题.wps
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1、中考英语复习资料:主谓一致考点集汇、讲解和训练中考英语复习资料:主谓一致考点集汇、讲解和训练习题【考点直击】1. 语法一致的原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 邻近一致的原则【名师点睛】谓语受主语支配,须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这叫做主谓一致。 主谓一致一般遵循三条原则:语法一致原则,意义一致原则和就近一致原则。1. 语法一致的原则(1)以单数名词或代词,动词不定式短语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时,谓语用复数,例如:He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard i
2、s necessary for a student.(2)由 and 或 bothand 连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Both he and I are right.Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,谓语动词用单数。例如:His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.(3)由 and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由 each, every修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。例
3、如:In our country every boy and every girl has the right toreceive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.(4)主语是单数时,尽管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with等介词短语,谓语动词仍用单数。例如:The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a da
4、ily food in the west.(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词,如 people, police, cattle,clothes 等作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。例如:A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for lost boy.(6)由 each, some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词都用单数。例如:Is everybody ready?Somebody is using the phone.( 7 ) 有 两 部 分 构 成 的 物 体 的 名 词 , 如 gla
5、sses, shoes,trousers, chopsticks, scissors 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:Where are my shoes? I cant find them.Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them.如果这类名词前用了 a pair of 等,则往往用作单数,谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于 pair 的单复数形式。例如:Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new pair of socks is on the bed.2. 意义一致的原则(1)表时间、 距离、 价格、
6、 度量衡等的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.(2)有些集合名词,如 family, team 等作主语时,如作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如指其中每个成员,则用复数。 例如:My family is big one.My family are watching TV.(3)不定代词由 all, most, more, some, any, none 作主语时,也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 如果代词代表复数可数名词,谓语动词用复数;如果代词代表单数可
7、数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。例如:All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.(4)疑问代词作主语时,其谓语动词也有两种情况:主语表示复数意义,谓语动词用复数;主语表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数。例如:Who is your brother?Who are League members?(5)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的词组作主语时,其谓语动词要以 of 后面的名词而定。名词是复数,谓语动词用复数:名词是单数,谓语动词用单数。例如:It is said that 35 per cent of the
8、doctors are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.(6)half, the rest 等表示不定数量的名词作主语时,如果所指为复数意义,动词用复数;如果所指为单数意义,动词用单数。例如:I have read a large part of the book, the rest is moredifficult.Only ten students attended the class because all the restwere off sick.(7)由 what 引导地主于从句作主语时,通常谓语动词用单
9、数形式。但如果所指内容为复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:What she said is correct.What she left me are a few old books.(8)凡是以“定冠词+形容词(或分词)”作主语,往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 如果这种主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数;如果指的是一个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.3. 邻近一致的原则(1)由连词 or, eithero
10、r, neithernor, not onlybutalso,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,则谓语动词按就近一致原则,与最靠近它的主语一致。例如:Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.(2)在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 There are two apples and one egg in it. (3)as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 He as well as I is respo
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