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1、NPR英语:人类真的准备随时前往火星吗? 1RENEEMONTAGNE,HOST:ImaginesteppingintoaspaceshiptoblastofftoMarsknowingyou'llneverreturntoEarth-OK,Steve,howaboutthat?It'sascenariothathasgottenalotoflatelybecauseofagroupcalledMarsOne.(SOUNDBITEOFMARSONEPROMOTIONALVIDEO)UNIDENTIFIEDWOMAN:ThecolonizationofMarsistheadven
2、tureofthecentury.MONTAGNE:ThegroupclaimstohaveaMarsmissionintheworks.Itsdramaticvideofeatures100finalistsselectedforitsastronautcorps.ButtalkingaboutaMarsvoyageisalongwayfromactuallygettingthemoney,buildingtheshipandblastingoff-obviously-asNPRsciencecorrespondentNellGreenfieldBoycereports.NELLGREENF
3、IELDBOYCE,BYLINE:Marsiswaiting,soifwewantedtogo,wecouldjustgo,right?MARYLYNNEDITTMAR:No,wecan't.(Laughter)We'renowherenearreadytogotoMars.GREENFIELDBOYCE:MaryLynneDittmarisanaerospaceinWashington,D.C.Shesaysmostpeoplejustdon'tgethowhardthiswouldbe.DITTMAR:Thedistancesthatareinvolvedandth
4、ecomplexitiesthatareinvolvedingoingandstayingtherearereallyenormous.GREENFIELDBOYCE:AtriptoMarswouldtakemorethanhalfayearoneway.You'llneedtobringalongatonoffoodplusoxygen.Thenthere'sthequestionofwhetheryoucanevenlandonaplanetwithsuchathinatmosphere.DITTMAR:Wedon'tknowyethowwe'regoing
5、tomanagelandingthesheeramountofmassonMarsthatwe'regoingtohavetolandonMarsinordertobeabletohavehabitation.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Andiftheymakeittothesurface,thefirstMartianswillhavetocopewitheverythingfromcancer-causingtodust.It'severywhere.DITTMAR:Thesmallperiodoftimethatwespentonthemoon,dustwasahu
6、geissue.Marshasabigdustproblem,too.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Nonetheless,aDutchventurecalledMarsOnehascapturedthepublic'simaginationwithitsplantocolonizeMarsby2025.ThegroupisledbyBasLansdorp.Hesaysthey'vebeenfeaturedonCNN,TheNewYorkTimes.BASLANSDORP:AndactuallyonNPR.We'vebeenonNPRIthink,twicealrea
7、dy.GREENFIELDBOYCE:HisMarsdreamstartedalmost20yearsago.LansdorpwaswatchingTVandwasstunnedbyvividimagesoftheredMartiansurfacesentbackbyaNASArover.LANSDORP:AndforsomereasonthatIreallycannotexplain,IwantedtogotoMarsandbuildanewhumansettlementthere.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Lansdorpisamechanicalengineerbytraining
8、.He'sworkedinwindenergy,andhenowhasabusinessplanforMars.Hesaysthevoyageshouldpayforitselfbecauseitwillbeamediaspectacle.Everyoneintheworldwillwanttowatchthewholeadventure.HeenvisionsarealityTVshowwithandadvertising.LANSDORP:Weexpectit'sworthupto10OlympicGamesofmediarevenue,whichis45billionU.
9、S.dollars.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Ofcourse,sponsorsoftheOlympicscanbeprettyconfidentthatthegameswillhappen.IaskedLansdorphowherespondstoskepticswhosaythatMarsOneisbasicallyjustawebsiteandamarketingplan.LANSDORP:Well,Ithinkthatthepeoplewhosaythatreallyhaven'tpaidattentiontowhatwe'veachievedalready.GR
10、EENFIELDBOYCE:Hesayslotsofpeopleapplytotheirastronautcorps,payingafeetodoso.Andthegrouphastwostudiesfromestablishedaerospacecompanies.TheMarsOneplancallsforfirstsendingoutasmallroboticlanderaboutthreeyearsfromnow.LansdorpsayshecandothismorecheaplythanNASA.Butwon'titstillcosthundredsofmillionsofd
11、ollars?LANSDORP:Certainlymovinginthatdirection,yes.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Imean-doesn'tsoundlikeyou'veraisedanythinglikethatsofar.LANSDORP:Wedon'tneedthatkindofmoneyyetbecausewearenotyetbuildingtheactuallander.Butthesearethekindsofinvestmentsthatwe'recurrentlyinnegotiationfor.GREENFIELDBOYC
12、E:Howmuchhasheraised?Hewon'tsay.JohnLogsdonisaspacepolicyexpertatGeorgeWashingtonUniversity.HedoubtsthatMarsOnehastherightstuff.JOHNLOGSDON:Ijustdon'tfinditacredibleproposition.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Thatdoesn'tmeanhethinkstheideaofgoingtoMarsinthenextcoupleofdecadesisatotalfantasy.LOGSDON:Iwou
13、ldliketosee,onceagain,peopleleavethisplanetandgosomeplaceelse.WhetherI'llbearoundinthe2030stoseethefirstmissionstoMars-Ihopeso.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Youthinkthey'llreallybeinthe2030s?LOGSDON:Theycouldbe.GREENFIELDBOYCE:HesaystheycouldbebecausehumansonMarsinthe2030sisNASA'sstatedgoal.Butunliket
14、hedaysofApollo,LogsdonsaysNASAcan'texpectanybiginfusionofcash.ItwillhavetocobblethepiecesofaMarsprogramonitscurrentbudget.(SOUNDBITEOFARCHIVEDRECORDING)UNIDENTIFIEDMAN#1:Thesupportsystemsaregoforstatictests.UNIDENTIFIEDMAN#2:Low-speeddatasystemsarego.UNIDENTIFIEDMAN#1:High-speeddatasystemsarego.
15、GREENFIELDBOYCE:LastweekinUtah,theagencytest-firedpartofahuge,newrocket.NASAsaysitneedsthisrockettogooutintodeepspace,backtothemoonandbeyond.(SOUNDBITEOFROCKET)GREENFIELDBOYCE:Itsfirstflightshouldcomein2018.JasonCrusanisofAdvancedExplorationSystemsatNASA.JASONCRUSAN:Wearedevelopingmanyofthedifferent
16、systemstomovefromthislowEarth-orbitphasethatwe'reintodaywiththespacestation,intodeepspaceandonwardstowardsMars.GREENFIELDBOYCE:ButthatdoesnotimpressanaerospaceengineernamedRobertZubrin.He'spresidentoftheMarsSociety,whichhaslongpushedforhumanmissions.ROBERTZUBRIN:TheNASAhumans-to-Marsprogrami
17、sallsizzleandnosteak.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Hesayssure,NASAisbuildingabigrocketandalittlecapsule,butwhere'skeystufflikethespacemoduleyou'llneedforanyreallong-termmission?ZUBRIN:Thereisnoprogram.Thereisn'tevenaplan.There'sjustchatter.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Iaskedhim,ifwe'reeveractuallygoingtoge
18、ttoMars,what'syourbestbetaboutwhatcouldmakethathappen?ZUBRIN:Noonecanknowthefuture,butIwouldsaythatthestrongestinitiativegoingonrightnow,theonethatismakingvisibledynamicprogress,istheSpaceXinitiative.GREENFIELDBOYCE:SpaceX,thefirstprivatecompanytohaveacapsuledockedwiththespacestation.(SOUNDBITEO
19、FARCHIVEDRECORDING)UNIDENTIFIEDMAN#3:Four,three,two,one,zero.Wehaveliftoff,Falcon9.GREENFIELDBOYCE:That'saSpaceXrocketblastingofftothestationtodelivercargoforNASA.Itmaysoontakeupastronauts,too.ThefounderofSpaceXisElonMusk.Zubrinsaysheis,quote,quiteaperson.ZUBRIN:Imean,hedevelopedspacecraftforone
20、-tenththecostandone-thirdthetimethatNASAandthemajorcompanieshavedone.GREENFIELDBOYCE:Andeveryoneknowshe'sgung-hoforMars.Youonlyhavetogoonline,andinfivesecondsyoucanfindvideosofMusktalkingabouttheneedtoputhumansonanotherplanet.(SOUNDBITEOFARCHIVEDRECORDING)ELONMUSK:Ijustthinkthatafuturewherehuman
21、ityisaspacefaringcivilization,outthereexploringthestarsisanincrediblyexcitingfutureandinspiring,andsothat'swhatwe'retryingtohelpmakehappen.GREENFIELDBOYCE:WhenwillSpaceXgotoMars?(SOUNDBITEOFARCHIVEDRECORDING)MUSK:Bestcase-10years.Worstcase-15to20years.GREENFIELDBOYCE:AndMuskhasthatlaterthisyear,hehopestounveilplansforgettinglargenumbersofpeopletotheredplanet,aprojectcalledtheMarsColonialTransporter.NellGreenfieldBoyce,NPRNews.第7页 共7页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页第 7 页 共 7 页
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