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1、段段 落落段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思.1. 描写事物(描写事物(describe something).2. 争论某事(争论某事(argue about something).3. 或对某事提出疑问(或对某事提出疑问(question something).4. 要求什么(要求什么(demand something).5. 给事物下定义(给事物下定义(define something).6. 驳斥某观点(驳斥某观点(reject something)。)。典型段落的构成典型段落的构成一个典型的段落通常由三部分组成一个典型的段
2、落通常由三部分组成.(1)主题句()主题句(the topic sentence););(2)说明或支持主题的推展句()说明或支持主题的推展句( supporting sentences););(3)结论句()结论句(the concluding sentence)(有些段)(有些段落没有该部分)。落没有该部分)。示范段落示范段落:We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems Doctors say it can be a direct cause of can
3、cer of the lungs and throat and can also contribute to cancer of other organs In addition, it can bring about other health problems such as heart and lung diseases It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death in our society示范段落分析示范段落分析.主题句主题句. We all know that cigarette smoking is a
4、dangerous habit,because it causes health problems推展句推展句. 1 Doctors say it can be a direct cause of cancer of the lungs and throat and can also contribute to cancer of other organs2 It can bring about other health problems such as heart and lung diseases结论句结论句. It is clearly identified as one of the
5、chief causes of death in our society从以上提纲可见,主题句提出了一个问题:从以上提纲可见,主题句提出了一个问题: What kind of health problems does cigarette smoking cause?随后的两个推展句回答了这个问题,结论句总结了推展句随后的两个推展句回答了这个问题,结论句总结了推展句并再一次强调主题句。并再一次强调主题句。Exercise (1)The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever beforeAbout a thousand spec
6、ies of animals are in danger of extinction,,and the rate at which they are being destroyed has increased With mammals, for instance, the rate of extinction is now about one species every year; from A D 1 to 1800, the rate was about one species every fifty years Everywhere, men are trying o solve the
7、 problem of preserving wildlife while caring at the same time for the worlds growing populationTopic Sentence:_. Details:_. Concluding Sentence:_. Topic Sentence: The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before Details: 1. About a thousand species of animals are in danger of extinct
8、ion,,and the rate at which they are being destroyed has increased 2. With mammals, for instance, the rate of extinction is now about one species every year; from A D 1 to 1800, the rate was about one species every fifty years Concluding Sentence: Everywhere, men are trying o solve the problem of pre
9、serving wildlife while caring at the same time for the worlds growing population(2) The Americans and the British not only speak thesame language but also share a large number ofsocial customsFor example, in both America andEngland, people shake hands when they meet eachother for the first time Also
10、, most English menwill open a door for a woman or offer their seat to awoman, and so will most Americans Promptnessis important both in England and in America Thatis, if a dinner invitation is for 7 oclock, the dinnerguest either arrives close to that time or calls up toexplain his delay1.Topic sent
11、ence: _.2.Details :_.3.Concluding sentence: _.Topic Sentence: The Americans and the British not only speak thesame language but also share a large number ofsocial customsDetails: 1 For example, in both America and Englandpeople shake hands when they meet each other for the first time 2 Also, most En
12、glish men will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans.3Promptness is important both in England and in America That is, if a dinner invitation is for 7 oclock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delayConcluding Sen
13、tence:(3) Birds use many different materials to build nestsSome birds use bits of grass The tailor-bird of Africa and India uses grass to sew leaves together Other birds find twigs and pebbles useful1.Topic sentence:_.2. Details:_.3. Concluding sentence:_.Topic Sentence: Birds use many different materials to build nestsDetails:1 Some birds use bits of grass The tailor-bird of Africa and India uses grass to sew leaves together 2Other birds find twigs and pebbles useful3_. Concluding Sentence: _.
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