普通楼 问答 (1).doc
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1、【医学免疫学】 【神经生物学】自己整理的英文资料http:/www.cc98.org/dispbbs.asp?boardID=241 short Natural polypeptide; polysaccharidesSize 8-12aa(CD8+T);12-17aa(CD4+T) 5-15 aa; 5-7monosaccharidestype Linear determinant Conformational/linear determinationLocation Everywhere of Ag Surface of Ag3. the concepts of TD-Ag and TI-
2、Ag and comparison between them TD-Ag: Thymus-dependent antigens are those that do not directly stimulate the production of antibody without the help of T cells. Proteins are thymus -dependent antigens. TI-Ag: Thymus-independent antigens are antigens which can directly stimulate the B cells to produc
3、e antibody without the requirement for T cell help. Polysaccharides are TI- antigens. TD-Ag TI-AgT cell help Necessary innecessaryEpitope B cell Virus reverse transcriptase proteinProtein, polyhexoseTCR binding site CD1、CD2 of TCR V CDR3 of TCR , chainMHC binding site (-helix)outside peptide-binding
4、 cleftMHC restriction - +T cell activity rate 1/20-1/5 1/105-1/106Character of immuno responseStimulate T cell directly Be presented by APC to T cells5. Functions of immunoglobulin:1) Recognition and binding to antigens, neutralization of toxins and microbes.2) Binding to Fc receptor of cells, media
5、ting opsonization and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity Medicating Type I hypersensitivity as well.3) Complement acitvation4) Passing through the placenta and mucosal.6. Three complement activation pathways (refer to the book and notes)7. The general properties of cytokine.1) Small proteins (
6、MW: approx. 15-30 KD)3) Extremely potent, acting at 10-910-15M4) The production is transient and tightly regulated5) Acting through autocrine (e.g. IL-2), paracrine (e.g. IL-12) or endocrine (e.g. IL-1 and TNF-)6) Non-specific and non-MHC restricted7) The properties of cytokine actions: Pleiotropyon
7、e cytokine can acts on more than one cell type;Redundancymore than one cytokine have the same action (e.g. IL-2, IL-7, IL-15)Synergytwo or more cytokines cooperate to produce an effect that is different or greater than the combined effect of the two cytokines when functioning separately (e.g.IL-3 an
8、d CSF) Antagonismtwo or more cytokines work against each other (e.g. IL-4 and IFN-)8. Biologic functions of cytokines1) Anti-bacteria 2) Anti-virus 3) Mediation and regulation of adaptive immunity4) Stimulation of hemopoiesis 5) killing target cell, apoptosis 6) Angiogenesis9. Functions of CAM1) Ser
9、ving as co-receptors and providing co-stimulatory signals in immune cells recognition and activation 2) Adhesion between leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells in inflammation3) Lymphocyte homing and recirculation10. Biological function of HLA1) Participate in the adaptive immune response serving
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