Chapter1GeneralIntroduction讲述.ppt
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1、Sunday, September 12, 2010 Lecture One : OrientationPart One : General RequirementsPart Two: AssessmentPart Three: Chapter 1 General PrinciplesSunday, September 12, 2010Part 1Part 1 General RequirementsSunday, September 12, 2010Part 1Part 2 Assignments 15%Assignments 15%Attendance 10%Attendance 10%P
2、articipation 15%Participation 15%Preview the textand do the exercises AssessmentFinal exam 60%Final exam 60%In-class activitySunday, September 12, 2010Preview each chapter before classStudy the chapter together with your group members cooperatively and finish the exercises following the Chapter befo
3、re class One group-leader leads the whole group to discuss, share, and improve the translation exercises in your group; After class, improve your work and hand in the exercises to the teacher if required.Preview & group workSunday, September 12, 2010Make good and full use of toolsPaper-based diction
4、aries:Oxford advanced learners dictionary Longman Dictionary Collins COBUILD Websters new Collegiate dictionary Sunday, September 12, 2010Electric resources: Electronic dictionaries:卡西欧电子词典,名人电子词卡西欧电子词典,名人电子词典等典等 Online dictionaries 有道桌面词典有道桌面词典http:/ 金山词霸金山词霸http:/ 维基百科维基百科http:/www.wikipedia.org 灵
5、格斯灵格斯http:/ CNKI翻译助手翻译助手http:/ 谷歌百度等谷歌百度等 http:/.hk/dictionarySunday, September 12, 2010上海市中级口译证书上海市中级口译证书上海市高级口译证书上海市高级口译证书全国翻译专业资格证书二级口笔译,三级口笔译全国翻译专业资格证书二级口笔译,三级口笔译http:/ certificates:Sunday, September 12, 2010翻译学习网站:翻译学习网站:中国翻译协会中国翻译协会http:/www.tac-中国翻译网中国翻译网http:/www.chinatranslation.org在线翻译学院在线
6、翻译学院http:/Sunday, September 12, 2010Chapter 1 General PrinciplesSunday, September 12, 2010Discuss with your partners:How do you perceive translation?As a language activity?As an art?As a kind of cross-cultural communication?As a job?As a subject? Why?Introduction1 What is translation?Sunday, Septemb
7、er 12, 2010Several InterpretationsA language activity: one of the five skills in learning EnglishJob: Translators & InterpretersCommunication: Cultural-EnlightenmentPiece of Art: Appreciation ( Choosing versions of Translation )Cooperation: Economics , Politics ,Science & TechnologySunday, September
8、 12, 2010For English and Translation majors, Translation is also a good way to develop your linguistic ability, both native and foreign.Sunday, September 12, 2010Culture-Enlightenment Culture-Enlightenment 1 .Theirs is another case of January and May.他们(的情况)又是一个老夫娶少妻。Have January chicks老来得子(from Can
9、terbury Tales: The Merchants Tale )Sunday, September 12, 20102. Watergate scandal 水门事件尼克松(以美国共和党尼克松竞选班子的首席安全问题顾问詹姆斯麦科德(James W. McCord, Jr.)为首的5人闯入位于华盛顿水门大厦的民主党全国委员会办公室,在安装窃听器并偷拍有关文件时,当场被捕。 )“门”事件的来由,翻译-“召回门”Sunday, September 12, 20103 . 中国人自豪地称自己是“龙龙的传人传人”。Chinese people are proud to call themselve
10、s the offspring of the Loong.Question: 为什么奥运会吉祥物不选龙?Beowulf 贝奥武夫4. Obama 奥巴马 欧巴马Sunday, September 12, 2010Piece of Art: AppreciationFour Chinese Classical Masterpieces :红楼梦The Story of the Stone石头记/ A Dream of Red Mansions/Chamber 红色大楼/房间的梦三国演义The Romance of the Three Kingdoms Sunday, September 12,
11、2010水浒传Heroes of the Marshes: Water Margin 在河边发生的故事Outlaws in the Marsh:沼泽地里的逃犯All Men Are Brothers: Blood of the Leopard.四海之内皆兄弟:豹子的血 (美国女作家赛珍珠翻译水浒七十一回本,取名为四海之内皆兄弟) Sunday, September 12, 2010西游记Journey to the WestPilgrimage to the WestMonkey / The Monkey King(猴王) Several Foreign Masterpieces:Romeo
12、and Juliet , Hamlet, Othello Pride and PrejudiceJane AyerSunday, September 12, 201019Definition of Translation1. Linguistic views on translation: conceive of translation as a linguistic activity“the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another langua
13、ge (TL).” (J.C. Catford )Cross-linguistic transformation of meaning Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source- language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Eugene A. Nida and Charles R.Taber,1982:12)Sund
14、ay, September 12, 20102. Cultural Views on TranslationIn the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures.Translation is a process which occurs between cultures rather than simply between languages (Shuttleworth & Cowi
15、e 1997:35).Sunday, September 12, 2010翻译不仅涉及语言问题,也涉及文化问题。译者不仅要了解外国的文化,还要深入了解自己民族的文化。不仅如此,还要不断地把两种文化加以比较,因为真正的对等应该是在各自文化中的含义、作用、范围、感情色彩、影响等等都是相当的。翻译者必须是一个真正意义的文化人。人们会说:他必须掌握两种语言;确实如此,但是不了解语言当中的社会文化,谁也无法真正掌握语言(王佐良 1989)。Sunday, September 12, 20103. Literary Views on TranslationTranslators who hold this
16、 view believe that translation is an artistic recreation or a recreated art.Some modern Western scholars from the literary school (文艺学派) take literary translation to be “the manipulation or rewriting of the source texts”.Sunday, September 12, 2010* 文学翻译的任务是要把原作中包含的一定社会生活的映象完好无损地从一种语言移注到另一种语言中,在翻译过程中
17、追求语言的艺术美,再现原作的艺术性。用茅盾的话说,是“使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作时一样得到启发、感动和美的感受”。Sunday, September 12, 20104. Semantic Views on TranslationThis view focuses on the semantic equivalence between the two languages, as well expressed by Eugene Nida (1986): “Translating means translating meaning”.Translation is rendering the
18、 meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text (Newmark 1988:5).Sunday, September 12, 20105. Functional Views on TranslationFunctionalists believe that translation is a specific form of human action with a certain purpose, a kind of linguistic service provided
19、to the society.Sunday, September 12, 20106. Communicative Views on TranslationThis approach views translation as a communicative process which takes place within a social context.* Communicative translation: the translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was pro
20、duced by the original on the source language readers (Newmark 1982:22).Sunday, September 12, 201027Classification of Translation1) 从译出语和译入语的角度来分类从译出语和译入语的角度来分类: 本族语译为外语,外语本族语译为外语,外语译为本族语;译为本族语;2) 从涉及到的语言符号来分类从涉及到的语言符号来分类: 语内翻译(语内翻译(intralingual translation)、语际翻译、语际翻译 (interlingual translation)和符际翻和符
21、际翻译译(intersemiotic translation);3) 从翻译的手段来分类从翻译的手段来分类: 口译(口译(oral translation)、笔译)、笔译(written translation) 和机器翻译和机器翻译(machine translation);4) 从翻译的题材来分类从翻译的题材来分类: 专业性翻译专业性翻译 (Specialized-subject translation)、文学翻译、文学翻译(literary translation)和一般性翻译和一般性翻译(general translation);5) 从翻译的处理方式来分类从翻译的处理方式来分类: 全
22、译(全译(absolute translation)、)、摘译(摘译(selective translation)和编译()和编译(translation with reconstruction).Sunday, September 12, 201028The History of Translation in Chinaabout 2 thousand years(1) The Eastern HanThe Northern and Southern Dynasties: China invited foreigners or the foreigners came to China by
23、themselves to translate Buddhist Scripture. 鸠摩罗什鸠摩罗什 真谛真谛(2) The Sui DynastyThe Tang Dynasty The Song Dynasty: Golden age of translation in ancient china Three giants in translating Buddhist Scripture appeared: 玄奘玄奘 鸠摩罗什鸠摩罗什 真谛真谛Sunday, September 12, 2010(3) The Ming Dynasty The Qing Dynasty: 徐光启徐光启
24、 利玛窦利玛窦 林纾林纾 严复严复(4) The May Fourth Movement: 闻一多、郁达夫、鲁闻一多、郁达夫、鲁迅、瞿秋白、林语堂、郭沫若、郑振铎迅、瞿秋白、林语堂、郭沫若、郑振铎 、朱生豪、巴、朱生豪、巴金、丁玲、茅盾金、丁玲、茅盾(5) New China: 傅雷傅雷、杨宪益杨宪益、查良诤、查良诤、钱钟书、杨绛钱钟书、杨绛、季羡林季羡林、王佐良王佐良、许渊冲许渊冲等等。等等。Sunday, September 12, 2010“善译善译”之说之说夫译之为事难矣,译之将奈何?其平日冥心钩考,必先将夫译之为事难矣,译之将奈何?其平日冥心钩考,必先将所译者与所以译者两国之文字深嗜
25、笃好,字栉句比,以考所译者与所以译者两国之文字深嗜笃好,字栉句比,以考彼此文字孳生之源,同异之故。所有相当之实义,委曲推彼此文字孳生之源,同异之故。所有相当之实义,委曲推究,务审其音声之高下,析其字句之繁简,尽其文体之变究,务审其音声之高下,析其字句之繁简,尽其文体之变态,及其义理精深奥折之所由然。夫如是,则一书到手,态,及其义理精深奥折之所由然。夫如是,则一书到手,经营反复,确知其意旨之所在,而又摹写其神情,仿佛其经营反复,确知其意旨之所在,而又摹写其神情,仿佛其语气,然后心悟神解,振笔而书,译成之文适如其所译而语气,然后心悟神解,振笔而书,译成之文适如其所译而止,而曾无毫发出入于其间,夫而
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