Research-Methods.ppt
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1、 2006 Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall PublishingResearch methods, continued Theories allow developmentalists to summarize and organize prior observations and allow them to go beyond existing observations to draw deductions. Theories are used to develop HYPOTHESES, predictions stated in a way that pe
2、rmits testing. 2006 Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall PublishingResearch StrategiesCorrelational ResearchSeeks to identify whether an association or relationship between two factors exists. The strength and direction of a relationship between two factors is represented by a mathematical score, called
3、a correlational coefficient, that ranges from +1.0 (positive) to - 1.0 (negative). 2006 Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall PublishingCorrelation A negative correlation informs us that as the value of one factor increases, the value of the other factor declines. IMPORTANT: Finding that two variables are
4、 correlated with one another does NOT prove that one variable causes the other. 2006 Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall PublishingSuppose a study found that watching aggressionon TV is correlatedwith aggressive behavior3 possible correlations 2006 Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall PublishingTypes of Corr
5、elational Studies Naturalistic Observation - Observing naturally occurring behavior without intervention in the situation. Case Studies - Intensive in-depth interviews with particular individual or small groups. Survey Research - Ask questions of a group of people chosen to represent a larger popula
6、tion. 2006 Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall PublishingResearch Strategies, continued Experimental Research-research designed to discover causal relationships between various factors. An EXPERIMENT is a process in which an investigator, called an experimenter, devises two different experiences for sub
7、jects or participants.These two different experiences are called TREATMENTS. The group receiving the treatment is known as the TREATMENT GROUP. The CONTROL GROUP is the group that receives either no treatment or alternative treatment. 2006 Pearson Education/Prentice-Hall Publishing-The formation of
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