Research-into-Population-Genetics.ppt
《Research-into-Population-Genetics.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Research-into-Population-Genetics.ppt(146页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、Research into Population Genetics ColumbusChristopher Columbus, an Italian-born master navigator (born in Genoa, Italy in 1451 and died at Valladolid, Spain in 1506) who sailed in the service of Spain, is commonly described as the discoverer of the New World America. His four transatlantic voyages (
2、14921493, 14931496, 14981500, and 15021504) opened the way for European exploration and colonization of the Americas. It is as the result of Columbuss “discovery” that the New World became part of the European world. Columbuss real greatness lies in the fact that having found the West Indies making
3、major errors in his navigational computations and location in doing so he was able to find his way back to Europe and return to the Indies.Our bodies are comprised of trillions of microscopic units called cells. Cells in turn are built up from many specific types of molecules, both large and small.
4、The large molecules or macromolecules include polysaccharides, nucleic acids and proteins. The flow of genetic information is from DNA to RNA to Protein. Each protein is a linear polymer of a specific sequence of 20 different amino acids. human genetic mapDNA is also a linear polymer comprised of 4
5、types of nucleotides. The sequence of amino acids in each protein is encoded by a segment of DNA called a gene. Three consecutive nucleotides in a gene encode a single amino acid in the corresponding protein. The genetic code is universal among all living things. 人类的基因决定了人的生老病死,它存在于人体每一个细胞内的脱氧核糖核酸分子
6、即DNA分子。DNA分子在细胞核内的染色体上,由两条相互盘绕的链组成,每一条链都是由单一成分首尾相接纵向排列而成,这种单一成分被称为碱基(因为这些化合物溶于水中能形成碱性溶液)。碱基有4种,分别简写为A、T、G、C。它们排列组合构成了基因。 Basques(巴斯克人)(巴斯克人)The Basques are a people who live in a small region that straddles the border of Spain and France from the sea in the west into the Pyrenees(比利牛斯山) in the east.
7、 The Basque population is distinguished physically by a high incidence of Rh Negative factor in the blood. No one knows exactly where the Basques came from. Some say they have lived in that area since Cro-Magnon man first roamed Europe. Estimates of how long they have lived there vary from 10,000 to
8、 75,000 years. Some say they are descended from the original Iberians(古利比里亚人). More fanciful theories exist, as well. One is that the Basques are the descendents of the survivors of Atlantis. Khoisan(南非科伊桑人南非科伊桑人)also spelled Khoesaan, Khoesan or KhoeSan) is a unifying name for two groups of peoples
9、 of Southern Africa, who share physical and putative linguistic characteristics distinct from the Bantu(班图人) majority of the region. Culturally, the Khoisan are divided into the foraging San, or Bushmen(布希曼人), and the pastoral Khoi, or more specifically Khoikhoi, previously known as Hottentots(霍屯督人)
10、. Cro-Magnon(克罗马努人克罗马努人)属于新人,身材高大,头大,有明显的下颌,眉弓不发达。与现代人比较,四肢粗壮。另外尚发现同时代的与克罗马努人有些差异的格里马迪人和尚塞拉德人,表明了在玉木冰期末期的欧洲,已经有人种存在。在克罗马努人的遗物堆积中不仅有石器,而且还有骨器。骨器易于成形(如做成鱼钩)这一点显然是以前的人所没有认识到的。有些工具做成了各种不同的特殊形状,就像现代的工具一样,有针,有锥子,有雕刻工具,还有其他等等,对它们的功用我们全都一目了然。What decides the difference?VSWarming UpApparently they are physic
11、ally different. Do they have anything in common biologically? Now make a list.1. _.2. _. 3. _. TipsWarming UpSimilarities: between the black girl and the white girlSimilarities: between the black girl and the white girl Their blood is red. Their teeth are white. They own the same kinds of organs. Th
12、ey feel happy when they eat delicious food. They may cry with frustration. They will smile for sure if you are friendly to them. They have active thoughts. They may share the similar genes. TipsTipsWarming UpConclusion:Conclusion:Warming UpIn fact ,there is no scientific basis for theories advocatin
13、g the genetic superiority of any one population over another.实际上,那种认为某一种群比另一种实际上,那种认为某一种群比另一种群的基因更为优越的理论是毫无科学群的基因更为优越的理论是毫无科学依据的。依据的。 Main idea of the text ? The passage focuses on the latest research development in population genetics.There is no scientific basis for theories pushing the genetic su
14、periority of any one population over another.Part I (para. 1)Part II (para. 2)Part III (paras. 3-4)The creation of the first genetic map of the world.The creative results came from the hard work over the years.Part (paras. 5-9)Part (para. 10)There are four major contributions of the first genetic ma
15、p of the world.The research mission is not just scientific but social as well.extensive 1)large in area, extending far 广大的,广阔的the extensive grounds of a city park城市公园的宽阔场地1. the most extensive survey (Para.1)e.g.e.g.The girl was put through extensive tests during a 5-day stay but they failed to find
16、 any signs of the fits. 他们让这个女孩住院5天接受了全面的检查,但是没有发现任何突发病的症状。2) including or dealing with a wide range of information 全面的,广泛的2. skin color and height are discounted, (Para.1)discountv. think or say that sth. is not important or not true 打折扣e.g.Much of what she says must be discounted; she imagines thi
17、ngs. 她说的许多话都是要打折扣的,她喜欢想像。e.g.We can discount Dalian they have two injured players. 我们可以不理会大连队他们有两名伤员。n. an amount of money that is taken off the usual cost of sth. 折扣 e.g.Students get a 30% discount on some museumtickets. 一些博物馆的门票,学生可以打七折。3. is much more than an argument (Para.2)more than1)“more tha
18、n” followed by a noun phrase e.g.Hes more than a teacher; hes a friend.他不只是一个教师,他更是一位朋友。2)“more than” followed by a verbal phrase e.g.They more than waited from morning till night; they were worried. e.g.They more than suffered from the disease; they were penniless. 他们不只是从早一直等到晚,还担惊受怕。 他们不仅仅是饱受疾病之苦,
19、而且穷得身无分文。3)“more than” followed by an adjective phrase e.g.His house is more than large and beautiful. e.g.I was more than frightened when I saw the terrible man. 他的房子非常大也非常漂亮。 当我看见那个可怕的人时,感到极度害怕。feature v. 1) include a particular person or thing as a special feature 以为特色e.g.This weeks program featu
20、res a report on victims of domestic violence. 本周节目将对家庭暴力受害者进行一个特别报道。2) have an important part in sth. 占重要地位 e.g.Self-esteem features highest on her list of what she wants from a job. 自我价值是她最想从工作中得到的东西。5. various proteins that serve as markers (Para.3) serve as fulfil the purpose of (sth.) 作为The fine
21、 would serve as a warning to other motorists who drove without due care and attention. 罚款会是对其他疏忽、冒失的驾驶者的一种警告。e.g.6. the authors assembled profiles (Para.3) assemble v. 1) bring people or things together as a group 集合e.g.The members of the tour group assembled at the station for departure. 旅行团的成员们在火车
22、站集合准备出发。 2) fit together all the separate parts of sth. 装配e.g.The shelves are easy to assemble. e.g.Its one of those beds that you have to assemble yourself. 这些架子很容易装配。这种床需要你自己来装配。 7. the study was confined to groups (Para.3) be confined tobe restricted or kept within certain limits or time限于e.g.So
23、far, fighting has been confined to the mountain area. e.g.Disasters of this sort were confined to neither traditionally flooded land nor the winter months. 到目前为止,战斗仍没有超出山区的范围。这种灾难不只发生在洪水泛滥的地区,也不只发生在冬季。8. he was confronted by an angry farmer waving an axe. (Para.4) confrontv. face sb. or sth. ,esp. i
24、n an unfriendly or dangerous situation 面对e.g.When hed confronted her with proof of her criminal activities, she knew that she had to tell the truth. 当他拿出她的犯罪证据与她当面对质时,她知道她不得不说真话了。e.g.I prepared for the questions I expected to confront during the interview.e.g.Opening the door, he found himself confr
25、onted by two strangers with guns. 我为这次访谈中可能要面对的问题作了准备。一打开门,他发现两个陌生人正用枪对着他。 9. they were widely assumed to be closely related. (Para.5) assumeIf the parents are rude to other people,the child will assume that this kind of behavior is acceptable. v. 1) think or accept that sth. is true without proof 认
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- Research into Population Genetics
限制150内