全面的英语音标发音规则表.doc

!- 英语音标发音规则表 一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a 在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake 在闭音节中 [] bag dad hat map black back e 在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese 在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg i 在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 [i] fish big drink sit milk swim o 在开音节中 [ou] those close go hoe home no 在闭音节中 [] clock not box shop sock u 在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 在闭音节中 [] bus cup jump much lunch 在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音，例如：June blue ruler super 二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a [] China another woman breakfast [i] orange comrade village cabbage e [] hundred student open weekend [i] chicken pocket begin children i []/[i] holiday beautiful family animal [ai] exercise satellite o [] second tonight somebody welcome [u] also zero photo u [] autumn diffcult [ju:] popular congratulation January 1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：operate 2 u处在开音节位置， 又在辅音字母j l r s后面时，读[u(:)]音，例如：July influence February issue 在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音，也可以读作[i]音。 三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音 元音字母 读 音 例 词 a在[w]音后面 [] want what watch wash quality a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold o在m n v th前 [] come monkey love mother 四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ar ar在[w]音后面 [α:] car farm dark sharpener [:] warm quarter towards or or在[w]音后面 [:] forty morning short [:] word worker worse er ir ur [:] certainly bird Thursday 辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如： carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音，例如：dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 are [ε] care dare hare ere [i] here mere ire [ai] fire hire wire ore [:] more score before ure [ju] pure cure 　　are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[]音，例如：picture pleasure 　　重读元音字母加Rr，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母Rr读[r]音。例如：parent zero story during inspiring 　　某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如：orange very American paragraph 六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音 元音字组 读 音 例 词 ai/ay [ei] afraid rain wait day play air [ε] air hair chair pair repair al al在f m前 [] small ball talk wall all [:l] always also salt almost [α:] half calm au/aw [:] autumn daughter draw ea [i:] teach easy cheap please [e] heavy bread sweater weather [ei] break great ear [i] hear dear near clear year [ε] bear pear wear swear [:] earth learn early ee [i:] jeep week green three eer [i] pioneer deer beer ei/ey [ei] eight neighbour they [i:] either key eu/ew在 j l r s后 [ju:] new few newspaper [u:] flew brew jewelry ie/ei[s]音之后 [i:] piece field receive oa [ou] coat Joan boat goal oar/oor [:] roar board door floor oi/oy [i] noise point boy toilet oo [u:] broom food tooth school [u] book look cook foot good ou/ow [au] flower house count down [ou] know row throw though [] young country enough [u:] group you soup our [:] course your four [au] our hour ours [:] journey ui 在j l r s后 [ju:i] fluid suicide tuition [u:] juice fruit suit 七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音 元音字组或字群 读 音 例 词 ai/ay ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee -sion -tion [n] impression nation -sion在元音字母后 [n] vision decision occasion -tion在s后 [n] question suggestion -sten [sn] listen -stle [sl] whistle -sure [] pleasure measure -ture [] picture culture 八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音 复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如：　　everyday[ei] 　　handbag[]　　blackboard[:] 　　有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如： 　　sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 ＞ Sunday[i] 星期天 　　holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 ＞ holiday[i] 假日 　　break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 ＞ breakfast[] 早餐 　　cup茶杯 + board木板[:] ＞ cupboard[] 碗柜 九、辅字组的读音 辅字组 读 音 例 词 b [b] bike bus bag [/] bomb tomb c c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music [s] face decide cinema ch [] much chick rich teacher [k] school headache chemistry [] machine Chicago -ck [k] cock pocket black knock d [d] doctor bread hand day -dge [] bridge fridge dr- [dr] children driver drink f [f] five four breakfast g g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go [] orange large German gh [f] cough enough [/] light daughter high gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [] guess league dialogue [w] language anguish h [h] hot head house hand [/] hour honest j [] jeep jar joke join July k [k] kind bike skate make week kn- [n] knife know knock l [l] life milk school tall m [m] monkey come autumn -mn [m] autumn column solemn n n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note [] uncle thank hungry -ng [] morning young wrong p [p] paper plane pig ship pen ph [f] elephant photo telephone q [k] Iraq qu- [kw] quality quite r [r] red rubber ruler s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s] sit sleep desk [z] music husband sc- [sk] scarlet [s] muscle science sh [] she fish shirt wash t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet [] patient nation tch [] watch th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method [] the these with than [] clothe father weather tr- [tr] tree train country truck v [v] very voice love leave w [w] week win wake sweet wait [/] answer two wh- wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why [h] who whose whole x 在重读元音前 [ks] box text exercise [gz] examle exist exact wr- [r] write y- [j] yes yard yellow young z [z] puzzle zero zoo 十、英语语音名词解释 1．音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（[m] [n] [] [l]例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。 2．音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。 例如：let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 　　　短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 3．重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 4．开音节 ①绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home ex-cuse. 5．闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组（r w y 除外）且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如：bag egg fish not cup 6．双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如：stu-dent Chi-na sec-ond au-tumn in-deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如： about before excuse repair for-get-ful in-ven-tor 7．多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如：el-e-phant con-grat-u-la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词，在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如：scientific impression nation