《中国故事》《第二集》The Story of China(2)Silk Road & China ships (英汉对照).docx
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1、视频字幕 The Story of China(2)Silk Roads & China ships I. Script China, a global superpower, eyes set on the future, its arrival on the world stage, greeted like the appearance of a new planet. But it is not the first time. In the seventh century, when Europe was in its Dark Age, Tang Dynasty China beco
2、me the greatest power on earth, and would be for 1000 years until the rise of the West. Whats happening now has happened before. Iam in Xian, the capital of the Tang, which 1300 years ago was the greatest and most cosmopolitan city on earth. And what made it great was not only its economic and cultu
3、ral power, its sense of its own identity, but its openness to other culture. Standing over the square, the statue of one of the heroes of that time, one of the great figures in the history of civilisation, the Buddhist monk Xuanzang, who brought the wisdom of India back here to China. This is the ta
4、le of a time, which even now the Chinese see as a golden age. In the story of China we have reached the Tang Dynasty.Its often said that in history China has been a closed civilisation, introverted, cutting itself off from the world. And there have been times when it has looked that way, but since p
5、rehistory China has never been isolated and has thrived on contact. And the Tang Dynasty was a great age of international connection. That time, vast numbers of foreign peoples poured into China with exotic goods, foods and ideas, and even new religions. And the great pathway of exchange was the Sil
6、k Road. We call it the Silk Road today, but it wasnt really one road, but a series of land routes connecting China with Mediterranean and India. And the Silk Road turned China, for the first time, into a global civilisation. Along it, just as today, were many cultures and peples, different religions
7、, different ways of seeing the world. Thank you, thank you so much. The magic of the Silk Road. The magic of Central Asia. There is Han Chinese, theres Uyghurs everywhere, theres a guy from Kyrgyzstan, you can tell by his hat. Just like it would have been in ancient times, you wouldve seen Arabs and
8、 Persians, probably Indians along with the Han Chinese on this very edge of Tang Dynasty China. Greek historian Polybius has a very interesting remark about this. He is writing in the 100s BC. He says that in ancient times the histories of Europe and Asia were completely separate, they ran their own
9、 way, but from our age onwards the history of Europe began to interact and engage with the history of Asia and the history of Asia with that of Europe. You could say it is the beginning of universal history and it is happening in the Tang Dynasty. But in history, when two civilisations first come in
10、to contacy, its not always peaceful and not always enriching. To really open up to another culture needs patience and humility, to be willing to shed your own preconceptions. And in the seventh century the Chinese were confident enough to do that, to be changed by the experience of the other. The st
11、ory begins at the Chinese end of the Silk Road in the old city of Luoyang. Luoyang was the ancient capital of the Zhou Dynasty of 500 years and for those centuries its poets and scholars had praised it as a place of great culture. “It was the real heart of China,” they said, “in the middle of the mi
12、ddle plain of the Middle Kingdom.” And this is not just a story about empires and economies but about what it is to be civilised. It is about a new spirit in Chinese culture. Look at this. Magic world, Aladdins cave. A spirit that will give birth to the greatest age of Chinese poetry. A time when po
13、etry came out of the court into the streets, a witness to the times, expressing the human condition as never before. So, Dumu. Famous poem of the Tang Dynasty. Knowing the insecurity of human life as the Chinese always have. This floating life is just like the water under the ice, flowing eastwards
14、day and night and no one notices. Isnt that great? So it is a place rich in culture, rich in trade and merchants and interested in foreigners. And if you want to see just how interested, go a few miles outside Luoyang, where the most famous Indian of all time is commemorated. The Buddha. The foreign
15、er who most fascinated the Chinese through the whole of their history. The adoption of this Indian religion would leave its mark on the very DNA of Chinese civilisation. What better symbol is there of the impact of Buddhism on Tang Dynasty China, indeed a symbol of the impact of the exchange of idea
16、s and civilisations, than this great cliff pockmarked with devotion, and in the middle, that huge image of the Buddha himself whose message had been carried along what the Chinese called the Road Carrying the Jewel of Truth? How that happened, how China embraced Buddhism, is one of the great stories
17、 in history. An adventure that generations of storytellers have turned into Chinas favourite fairytale. The Emperor had a dream and in the dream a strange man appeared to him with his skin the colour of gold, framed by the sun and moon and stars. And the court astrologers and diviners interpreted th
18、e dream. But this man had come from the West and it must be the Buddha himself. The Emperor was fascinated and organized an expedition. 18 courtiers and scholars with all their attendants journeyed out to the West to find out more. They got as far as Afghanistan and there in a Buddhist monastery the
19、y met two Indian monks who agreed to come back with them to China. They came back here and were established in this monastery, the White Horse Pagoda after the white horses that they rode, and they translated the first Buddhist scripture ever to be rendered into Chinese. And they died here and were
20、buried here. This is the tomb of one of them, Kasyapa Matanga. Its not the first exchange between India and China but from that moment onwards the dialogue of civilisations will be continuous. Now the story moves on it time to the year 600. In the wider world the Roman Empire has fallen, Byzantium i
21、s flowering and in China the Mandate of Heaven has passed to a new dynasty, the Tang. In a village outside Luoyang, a boy was born who would become one of the most famous people in Chinese history and his name was Xuanzang. Xuanzang must have known this place very well from childhood and known all t
22、he stories, especially about the two strangers who had come from India. “I was inflamed by a passionate curiosity.” he says, “about the Buddha and about the origins of the faith and I applied for a foreign travel permit several times to no avail. Perhaps because I was a nobody. And in the end I took
23、 matters into my own hands and Ieft in secret for India.” He was 26 years old and his journey would change the course of Chinese civilisation. It is a story that has fascinated me over the years, travelling in his footsteps between China and Central Asia, across Afghanistan into India. At that time
24、Xuanzang said, “The Tang were new on the throne, Chinas frontiers didnt extend far. There was a ban on foreign travel. At first I had to move by night to dodge the border guards.” The real-life adventures of Xuangzang gave birth to some of Chinas best-loved legends and characters. The Tang monk and
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