On the Source and Translation of English Allusions and Idioms20.doc
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1、On the Source and Translation of English Allusions and IdiomsAbstract: Allusions and idioms are fixed phrases that go through the test of history and cannot be treated separately. In order to be loyal to the original text, the translation of English allusions and idioms should not only keep the orig
2、inal taste of the source, but also meet the standards of writing. Because English allusions and idioms have absorbed the different national cultures of ancient Greek, ancient Rome, and Northern Europe, they are more typical and representative than other forms of language on reflecting the cultural d
3、iversity. And the author puts forward four concrete translation methods as follows. They are literal translation, free translation, borrowing and literal translation with annotation. In the trend of cultural globalization, culture among various nationalities permeate and stick together mutually. And
4、 the readers ability to accept and appreciate the new cultural imagery has improved day by day. All the significance of this paper is to convey the allusions and idioms cultural information as much as possible, which is very useful for the language learning and communication. Key Words: idioms; allu
5、sion; source; translation methods摘 要: 典故和习语是指那些经受了历史的长期考验,千锤百炼而形成的固定词组。为了忠于原文,典故和习语的翻译既要保持源语的原汁原味,也要符合译入语语言文字的需求。因为英语典故和习语吸收了众多来自古希腊,古罗马,北欧古代神话等欧洲各民族的文化精髓,所以在体现语言的文化差异方面,习语比其他语言成分更具有典型性和代表性。具体的方法有:直译法,意译法,借用法,直译加注。在当前文化全球化的时代背景下,各民族间的文化相互渗透和融合的趋势愈来愈强。人们对于外来文化的接纳以至欣赏能力也日渐提高。本文认为在翻译的过程中应尽量将源语言的文化信息翻译出
6、来,以促进世界文化的交流和语言的学习。关键词: 习语;典故;来源;翻译方法CONTENTSAbstract1Introduction 1Charter 1 Introducing English Allusions and Idioms 21.1Definitions of English Allusions and Idioms 21.2Characteristics of English Allusions and Idioms31.3 The sources of English Allusions and Idioms7Charter 2 Translation Methods of
7、English Allusions and Idioms 162.1Allusion and Idioms from Literal Translation162.2 Allusion and Idioms from Free Translation182.3 Allusion and Idioms from Borrowing212.4 Allusion and Idioms from Literal Translation with Annotation22Conclusion25Notes26Bibliography27Acknowledgements28IntroductionEngl
8、ish allusions and idioms are the essence of a language, which have strong national colors and distinctive cultural connotations. The traditional translation methods are too subjective, and functional equivalence viewpoint that translation just for communication Nida proposed is too objective. In ord
9、er to be loyal to the original text, the translation of English allusions and idioms should not only keep the original taste of the source, but also meet the standards of writing, especially for mythology and works. The first chapter will introduce the definitions, semantic and cultural characterist
10、ics and the sources of English allusions and idioms to make the readers have a well-understanding of English allusions and idioms to avoid wrong-use. The second chapter will introduce some concrete motheds of translating English allusions and idioms with examples. The translation methods are literal
11、 translation, free translation, borrowing, literal translation with annotation. When translating English allusions and idioms, we should keep faithful to the original, retaining the original idioms vividness , rich association, rhetorical effects, national and local colors, meanwhile, we should try
12、our best to do the translation more vividly and more expressively. This paper is to convey the allusions and idioms cultural information as much as possible, which is very useful for the language learning and communication.Chapter 1 Introducing English Allusions and IdiomsEnglish as an international
13、 language, its usage is wide-ranging. Many countries choose English as their official language. What is more, sixty percent of broadcasting in the world use English to propagate their information. The ancient Greek mythologies, Roman myths and fairy tales of northern Europe are the publicly owned we
14、alth of European nations. They have deep influence on development of whole European culture in which many stories provide source materials for English idioms and allusions. Therefore, English idioms and allusions take in any word that can represent the main European culture. And it is more typical a
15、nd representative than others in reflecting the cultural diversity. Just like Bacon said: Talent, quick-witted and spirit in a nation can all be found in its idioms.1 1.1 Definitions of English Allusions and IdiomsAccording to Websters New Collegiate Dictionary, allusion is an implied or indirect re
16、ference, especially, when used in literature.2“This assumption is based on the knowledge or belief that their readers share with them a common historical, cultural and literary heritage, which enable the readers to identify the allusions and to understand their significance.”3 People like to use the
17、 indirect references to characters or events from culture: legends, literature, history, religion, and so on, to enrich their speech or writing, and then allusions came to being. The sources of English allusions are inexhaustible. We can find them not only from the newspapers, literature, but also i
18、n peoples daily conversations. Every aspect of human life is a source of allusions. Meanwhile, they affect the western culture greatly. People like to quote the figures or events from the history, legends, literature or religion in their daily life, which are known as alluion. Allusion of one nation
19、 has the colorful connotations. It is a kind of culture and can be seen in different cultures. It appears in almost every aspect of the society, such as politics, economy, ideas, names, even peoples daily life. English allusion with cultural value and connotations is an important part of English lan
20、guage culture and the rich heritage of English nations. It can enrich the language and be helpful to exchange peoples ideas at the same time. It has extensive sources with various forms and shows a strong influence upon peoples life. If one hasnt the sufficient knowledge of the historical background
21、s of English allusion, it is difficult for him to understand them properly, which is not good for communication. The word “idiom” possesses several meanings. It may be defined as “the language of a people or a country”; or “a dialect” as in “Cantonese idiom”. It may also be defined, according to Oxf
22、ord Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary, as “phrase or sentence whose meaning is not clear from the meaning of its individual words and which must be learned as a whole unit”4. The second definition is a kind of a set phrase or sentence fixed by long usage. 1.2Characteristics of English All
23、usions and Idioms1.2.1 Semantic CharacteristicsAn English allusion and idiom is characterised by semantic unity and structural stabiliby. It is a set expression made up of two or more words. The sense of the combination cannot be explained in terms of its constituent parts. In other words, an allusi
24、on or idiom functions as a unit of meaning which cannot be predicted from the literal meaning of its member words. For instance, “do sb. well” means “provide food, comforts, etc. for”, as in “They do you very well at the hotel”. Structurally analysed, the form of an allusion or idiom is set and only
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