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1、Lesson 01 A Puma at large 逃遁的美洲狮 Listen to the tape then answer the question below. 听录音,然后回答以下问题。Where must the puma have come from? Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, the
2、y were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackb
3、erries sawa large catonly five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty mil
4、es away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained ofcat-like noisesat night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma
5、up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several week
6、s, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside. New words and expressions 生词和短语puma(title)/pju:m+/n. 美洲狮corner(1. 9)/k&:n+/v. 使走投无路,使陷入困境spot(1. 2)/sp&t/v. 看出,发现trail(1. 11)/treil/n. 一串,一系列evidence(1. 4)/evid+ns/n证据pr
7、int(1. 12)/print/n. 印痕accumulate(1. 4)/ekju:mjuleit/v. 积累,积聚cling(1. 12)/kliR/(clung/kl)R/, clung)v. 粘oblige(1. 5)/+blaid/v. 使感到必须convince(1. 14)/k+nvins/v. 使信服hunt(1. 7)/h)nt/n. 追猎;寻找somehow(1. 16)/s)mha(/adv. 不知怎么搞地,不blackberry(1. 8)/bl$kb+ri/n. 黑莓 知什么原因human being(1. 9)/?hju:m+n-bi:iR/人类disturb(1
8、. 17)/dist*:b/v. 令人不安Notes on the text课文注释1 at large是介词短语,此处表示“逍遥自在”、“行动自由”的意思。2 When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, 当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南45英里的地方发现一头野生美洲狮时。这个从句中以that引导的从句是reports的同位语,用于进一步说明报告的内容。3 feel obliged to do sth. 是“感到不得不做某事”的意思。
9、4 it left behind it a trail of, 它身后留下一串。a trail of作left的宾语,behind it是状语,提到宾语之前是为了使句子结构更紧凑。5 puma fur was found clinging to bushes中,clinging是现在分词,此处作主语puma fur的主语补足语。下文中As no pumas had been reported missing一句中,missing也是现在分词作主语补足语。6 in the possession of, 为所有。参考译文美洲狮是一种体形似猫的大动物,产于美洲。当伦敦动物园接到报告说,在伦敦以南45
10、英里处发现一只美洲狮时,这些报告并没有受到重视。可是,随着证据越来越多,动物园的专家们感到有必要进行一番调查,因为凡是声称见到过美洲狮的人们所描述的情况竟是出奇地相似。搜寻美洲狮的工作是从一座小村庄开始的。那里的一位妇女在采摘黑莓时看见“一只大猫”,离她仅5码远,她刚看见它,它就立刻逃走了。专家证实,美洲狮除非被逼得走投无路,是决不会伤人的。事实上搜寻工作很困难,因为常常是早晨在甲地发现那只美洲狮,晚上却在20英里外的乙地发现它的踪迹。无论它走到哪儿,一路上总会留下一串死鹿以及死兔子之类的小动物。在许多地方看见了爪印,灌木丛中也发现了粘在上面的美洲狮毛。有人抱怨说夜里听见了“像猫一样的叫声”;
11、一位商人去钓鱼,看见那只美洲狮在树上。专家们如今已经完全肯定那只动物就是美洲狮,但它是从哪儿来的呢?由于全国动物园没有一家报告丢了美洲狮,因此那只美洲狮一定是某位私人收藏家豢养的,不知怎么设法逃出来了。搜寻工作进行了好几个星期,但始终未能逮住那只美洲狮。想到在宁静的乡村里有一头危险的野兽继续逍遥流窜,真令人担心。Summary writing 摘要写作In not more than 80 words describe how experts came to the conclusion that the animal seen by many people really was a puma
12、. Do not include anything that is not in the passage. Answer these questions in note form to get your points:1 What sort of reports were received by London Zoo?2 Were the reports similar in nature or not?3 Who saw it first?4 Did it stay in one place,or did it move from place to place?5 What did it l
13、eave behind it?6 Were paw prints and puma fur found as well or not?7 What was heard at night?8 Was the animal seen up a tree or not?9 Were experts now sure that the animal really was a puma or not?Vocabulary词汇Give another word or phrase to replace the following words as they are used in the passage:
14、spotted(1. 2);accumulate(1. 4); obliged to(1. 5); claimed(1. 6); extraordinarily similar(1. 6); immediately(1. 8); convinced(1. 15).Composition作文Describe the occasion when the woman picking blackberries saw the puma. Expand the following into a paragraph of about 150 words. Mrs. Stone had spent the
15、whole morningIt was nearly lunch time, so she decidedShe was justwhen she heard a noise inThen she saw an animal whichShe knew it was not a cat because The animal suddenlyand she thought it was going toShe dropped her basket andHearing the sound, the animalafter which, Mrs. Stoneand they(86 words)Le
16、tter writing书信写作On a full page, show the exact position of each of the following:The address and date;the beginning of the letter;the Introduction;the Purpose;the Conclusion;the letter-ending;the signature;the postscript. Supply all necessary full stops and commas. Key structures关键句型Simple, Compound
17、 and Complex Statements. 简单句、并列句和复合句(IKS 73)(参见第2册第73课关键句型)Exercise练习Underline all the joining words in the passage. Note carefully how simple statements have been joined to make compound or complex statements. Special difficulties难点过去曾有一种传统的规定,认为英文句子不允许以介词结尾。现在,这种所谓的禁忌早以破除。在现代英语中,除正体书面语体外,以介词结尾的句子很
18、多,在口语中更为常见。Where had it come from? (1. 14)Instead of saying:It is better to say:About whom are you talking?Who(m)are you talking about?That is the film about which I told you.That is the film I told you about. (Compare ISD 28) (对比第2册第28课难点)Exercises练习A Complete these sentences by adding a suitable w
19、ord to the end of each one:1 What are you looking _ ? 2 Where is your mother going _ ? 3 Whom has the letter been sent _ ? 4 This is the house I was born _ . 5 What does your decision depend _ ? B Write these sentences again changing the position of the words in italics. Where possible, omit the wor
20、ds whom or which. 1 He is the man about whom we have heard so much. 2 The shelf on which you put those books has collapsed. 3 From whom did you receive a letter? 4 This is the road by which we came. 5 Where is the pencil with which you were playing? Multiple choice questions 多项选择题Choose the correct
21、answers to the following questions. Comprehension 理解1 Experts eventually decided to investigate _ . abecause they did not believe that pumas existed in Englandbbecause they wanted a puma for the London Zoocwhen a woman saw a puma in a small villagedbecause peoples descriptions of the puma had a lot
22、in common2 What particular piece of evidence persuaded the experts that a puma had been seen in the village? aThe puma had not attacked the woman. bThe woman had described the animal she had seen asa large cat. cA puma had come very close to a human being. dThe puma had behaved like a cat. 3 What wa
23、s the problem the experts were unable to solve? aHow the puma had managed to cover such great distances within a day. bHow the puma had escaped from a zoo. cWhom the puma had belonged to. dHow the numa had climbed a tree. Structure结构4 The accumulating evidence made the experts _ the animal was a pum
24、a. (lines 4-6)ato thinkbthinkingcthinkdthought5 People said _ the puma. (lines 5-6)ato have seenbto seecthey sawdthey had seen6 _ , it immediately ran away. (lines 8-9)aObserving herbOn being observedcHaving been observeddOn her being observed7 Pumas never attack a human being except _ cornered. (li
25、ne 9)athey arebbeingcthat they aredwhen they are8 The experts were now fully convinced that the animal _ a puma. (lines 13-14)amust bebshould have beenccan only bedcould only have beenVocabulary词汇9 The woman sawa large cat _ five yards away from her. (lines 7-8)aat leastbfour orcno more thandwithin1
26、0 A puma will not attack a human being unless it feels itself to be _ . (line 9)ain a cornerbin a trap cat an angledunder cover11 A business man on a fishing trip is probably someone who _ . (line 13)asells fishbfishes for pleasurecnets fishdearns his living as a fisherman12 A private collector is a
27、 man who collects _ . (lines 15-16)afor his own benefit bon his owncin privatedunknown to the publicNew words and expression生词和短语学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用 学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里puma n.美洲狮spot v.看出, 发现 = see, pick out, recognize, catch sight of 强调结果, 辨别出, 看见, 识别, 发现 - A tall man is easy to spot
28、 in the crowd. - He has good eye for spotting mistakes. 同意词: - find:强调发现的结果 / find out:查出事实真相 - discover:做出重大发现 / notice :注意到 - observe:观察 / watch :观察活动中的人或画面 Spot n.斑点 - There is a white spot on the shirt. on the spot 有两个含义: 1 立刻, 马上(at once, immediately) - Anyone breaking the rules will be asked t
29、o leave on the spot. 2 at the place of the action 在现场 - Wherever she is needed, she is quickly on the spot.Evidence n.证据(不可数名词) Evident adj .明显的, 显然的 / evidently adv.明显地, 显然 Evidence = proof (n.证据) - When the police arrived, he had already destroyed the evidence. in evidence 显而易见的 - He was in eviden
30、ce at the party.Accumulate v.积累, 积聚(强调积累的过程) - As the evidence accumulates, experts from the zoo felt obliged to investigate. Gather vt.聚集, 把某人召集在某处 - The teacher gathered his students in the class Collect vt.搜集, 采集 - Do you collect stamps? Yes, I collect stamps as my hobby. (n.业余爱好) Assemble v.集合,
31、集会 / 装配 - A large number of people assemble on the square. Hoard vt.大量的储存 (- hoard up = store up 储藏) - The squirrel hoards up nuts for the cold winter ( squirrel n.松鼠)(nut n.坚果) amass vt.积聚(主要用于诗歌和文学作品) - The clouds amassed above the hills Oblige v.使感到必须 feel obliged to do sth 感觉有必要做某事 - I feel obli
32、ged to say no to his demand (n.要求, 需要) be obliged to do sth 被迫做某事 - They were obliged to sell their car to pay their debts off. ( debt n.债务)hunt v.n.追猎, 寻找 (hunt for ) - The experts from London zoo began to hunt (v.) for a puma. - The hunt (n.) for the puma proved the difficult. (prove vt.证明, 证实) se
33、arch 搜寻某处为了寻找到某人或某物 - The police were searching the forest for the missing boy. run after 强调追赶, 追求 - look, a dog is running after a cat - what are you run after in your life seek = pursue v.追寻(理想) chase v.追赶 (- They are chasing a thief / They are running after a thief )blackberry n.黑莓 / berry n.浆果 h
34、uman being人类corner v.使走投无路, 使陷入困境 作为动词, 经常使用被动语态 - The thief was cornered at last - The problem cornered me. corner n.角落 - at the corner of the street - in the corner of the room - on the corner of the deskTrail n.一串, 一系列 trail vt. 跟踪, 追踪 (= follow) - The police trailed the criminal to the place whe
35、re he was hiding (criminal n.罪犯)Print n.印痕Cling v.粘 (clung, clung, clinging) - She is always clinging to her mother. - He clung to the hope that he would succeed. 他怀有成功的希望 stick v.粘住 (- stick the envelop)n.信封 stick to 坚持 (- stick to the plan / stick to ones promise)n.许诺 sticky adj.粘的 (- sticky finge
36、rs)convince v.使信服 1convince sb of sth- I convince him of my honesty. (n.诚实, 正直) 我使他相信我的诚实。 2 be convinced that - I am convinced that she is honest girl. (adj.诚实的, 正直的)somehowadv.不知怎么搞地, 不知什么原因 = by some means, in some way, for some reason unknown - Ill get the book back somehow. 无论如何我要把这本书取回来。 - I g
37、ot lost somehow 不知怎么搞地, 我迷失了。 Somewhat adv.稍微, 有点, 有些 (= a little ) - The price is somewhat higher than I expect. ( high adj.高的)disturb v.令人不安 disturbing adj.令人不安的 / disturbed adj.感到不安的 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 / surprised adj.感到惊讶的 exciting adj.令人激动的 / excited adj.感到激动的wild adj.野性的, 野生的 investigate v.调
38、查, 研究 description n.描写, 描述 extraordinarily adv.特别地,非常地,格外 similar adj .相似的, 类似的 attack vt.攻击 difficult adj .困难的, 艰难的 difficulty n.困难, 难点 rabbit n.兔, 野兔 paw n.手掌, 手爪 fur n.毛皮, 毛, 软毛 bush n.矮树丛 fully adv.充分地, 完全地 collector n.收藏家, 征收者Text 课文 at large 逃遁的, 没有被控制的 - The thief is still at large at large 详
39、细地(= in detail)n.细节, 详情 - I need talk to you at large at large 总体来讲(= as a whole ) - The students at large are hungry for English.(hungry adj.饥饿的, 渴望的)Where must the puma have come from? Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. 在英文的表达方式中,首先呈现给读者的是结果(和中文不同) 英文擅长用长句,中文擅长用短句。 - Pan
40、das are large cat-like animals which are found in Asia. (panda n.熊猫)cat-like 猫一样的, 偷偷摸摸的 / dog-like 狗一样的 / life-like 栩栩如生的When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. 一般来讲定语从句和同位语从句紧随在被修饰名词的后面,但为了保持句子平衡,也可以把 谓语动词
41、放到从句之前 1 定语从句只是对于被修饰词的补充说明、修饰 - 定语从句的引导词: - 指人:主语who;宾语who, whom;定语 whose - 指物:that (也可以指人)/ which - 时间状语:when / 地点状语:where / 原因状语:why 2 同位语从句则是讲述被修饰名词的内容 - 同位语从句的引导词: - 名词(做主语、宾语等):关系词用that 而不是which - 时间:when;地点:where - 定语从句中没有what 这个关系词,但what 可以引导同位语从句 - An idea came to her that she might do the e
42、xperiment in another way. - I have no idea what has happened to him。they were not taken seriously (they指代reports ) take sth seriously = deal with sth seriously 认真地对待某事 - I always take your suggestions seriously. take sth lightly 草率地对待某事(lightly adv.轻率地) - Dont take the hot potato lightly ( hot potat
43、o n.棘手的问题)However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar. However adv.然而(起转折作用) As 连词:随着, 当.之时 过去分词做定语: - the descriptions given by people - the story
44、told by the sailor (n.海员, 水手, 船员) - a book written by Luxun claim to have done sth 声称曾经做过某事 - He claimed to have been the manager of the large shop.The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from her. Where a woman picking定语
45、从句 - I still remember the school where I studied English.It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered.Confirm = be sure = be certain (confirm vt.确定) Unless it is cornered = if it is not cornered (unless conj.如果不, 除非) - He will accept the job unless the salary is too low.The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. search = huntWherever it went, it left behind it a trai
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