Unit-6-Culture-and-Nonverbal-Communication.ppt
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1、w Those who know do not talk. Those who talk do not know. Keep your mouth closed. Guard your senses. Temper your sharpness. Simplify your problems. Mask your brightness. Be at one with the dust of the Earth. This is primal union. He who has achieved this state Is unconcerned with friends and enemies
2、, With good and harm, with honor and disgrace. This therefore is the highest state of man.An idiomw There is language in her eyes, her cheeks, her lip, nay, her foot speaks. ShakespeareLearning objectives :1.to understand the significance of nonverbal communication 2.to perceive the definition of no
3、nverbal communication3.to describe the functions of nonverbal communication4. to summarize the categories of nonverbal communication What will happen? QUESTION: What?w Every culture has rules about the CORRECT use of space. The proxemic (relating to the study of space) rules are unwritten and never
4、taught- but they are very powerful w a. She will ask them to sit somewhere else. w b. She will stare at the space invaders defiantly, but she will not move .w c. She will leave, saying nothing to the three people who invaded her personal space.Flightw Flight is the most common response to spatial in
5、vasions, and only 2% of the invaded people in proxemics experiments ever say anything to those who invade their personal space. The invasion is stressful for the invaded, making an early departure is almost certain.No gesture has the same meaning!w there is no international language of gestures. Ins
6、tead, cultures have developed systems of unique gestures, and it is almost never possible for us to understand intuitively the gestures from another culture. French gesture for I dont believe you , Who won the game of one-on-one basketball? w a. The man on the leftw b. The man on the rightThe man on
7、 the rightw He seems confident, poised and modest-all qualities that suggest he is the winner of the game. 1. 1. Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal CommunicationNonverbal codesNonverbal codes refer to refer to communicative messages which are communicative messages which are notnot in in wordword form
8、 form.More than More than 55%55% messages are messages are communicated nonverballcommunicated nonverbally! We make important judgments and decisions concerning the internal states of othersstates they often express without words. The Importance of Nonverbal Communication黄淮学院外语系w Nonverbal communica
9、tion is also important because we use the actions of others to learn about their affective or emotional states.黄淮学院外语系w Nonverbal communication is significant in human interaction because it is usually responsible for first impressions.黄淮学院外语系w Nonverbal communication has value in human interaction
10、because many of our nonverbal actions are not easily controlled consciously.黄淮学院外语系w Finally, nonverbal communication is important to the study of intercultural communication because a great deal of nonverbal behavior speaks a universal language.黄淮学院外语系w Besides, nonverbal behavior is significant be
11、cause nonverbal communication can be open to many interpretations.This gesture means OK in the U.S and many cultures, while it means zero in France, and means money in Japan. 黄淮学院外语系 Definition of Nonverbal Communication The Functions of Nonverbal Communication 黄淮学院外语系 Definition and Functions of No
12、nverbal Communication1.Definition of Nonverbal Communication The messages sent without using words are called nonverbal communication.黄淮学院外语系Definition: (1)w “Metacommunication (beyond the usual commmunication), paralinguistics, second-order messages, the silent language, and the hidden dimension of
13、 communication.” (Hall, 1959)Definition: (2)w Nonverbal communication involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver. (Samovar and Porter, 2004)Defini
14、tion in Chinesew 非言语交际包括在交际中认为的和环境非言语交际包括在交际中认为的和环境产生的对于传播者或受传者含有潜在信产生的对于传播者或受传者含有潜在信息的所有的刺激,简单地说就是息的所有的刺激,简单地说就是“不用不用语言的交际语言的交际”,被称作,被称作”无声的语言无声的语言“。Definition in Chinesew 非语言交际在人类交际中非常重要。因非语言交际在人类交际中非常重要。因为它最能反映一个人的情感或情绪状态为它最能反映一个人的情感或情绪状态。w 一个人(或多个人)不利用言语形式或一个人(或多个人)不利用言语形式或只利用副语言形式所传达的信息被另一只利用副语
15、言形式所传达的信息被另一个人(或多个人)接收的交际行为。个人(或多个人)接收的交际行为。 What may “body language” refer to?2. 2. Functions of Functions of Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal CommunicationRepeatingComplementingSubstitutingRegulatingContradicting黄淮学院外语系Why do we use body language?How does nonverbal help verbal?a. RepeatingPeople u
16、se nonverbal communication to repeat, clarify, and empasize their point of view. For example, nod as saying yes.黄淮学院外语系b. ComplementingNonverbal communication cues can add to or complement a verbal message. For example, scratch head.黄淮学院外语系黄淮学院外语系Nonverbal messages may substitute verbal ones in cert
17、ain settings. There are situations in which words cannot be used. In a very noisy street, for example, police officer might use hand gestures to replace spoken messages.c. Substitutingd. RegulatingNonverbal behaviors can help control verbal interactions by regulating them, such as turn-taking signal
18、s (hand raised) in conversations黄淮学院外语系e. ContradictingCertain nonverbal behaviors can contradict spoken words. 黄淮学院外语系Nonverbal Communication and Culturew Learning about the alliance between culture and nonverbal behavior is useful to students of intercultural communication for a number of reasons:
19、w 1. by understanding important cultural differences in this behavior, you will be able to gather clues about underlying attitudes and values.w 2. the study of nonverbal behaviors can assist us in isolating our own ethnocentrism.黄淮学院外语系w Most classifications divide nonverbal messages into two compre
20、hensive categories:w Those that are primarily produced by the body (appearance, movements, facial expressions, eye contact, touch, smell, and paralanguage);w And those that the individual combines with the setting (space, time, and silence).黄淮学院外语系Body Behaviorw General Appearance and Dressw Body Mo
21、vements: Kinesicsw Posturew Gesturesw Facial expressionsw Eye Contact and Gazew Touchw Smellw paralanguage黄淮学院外语系 General Appearance and Dress Although Western business dress has been widely adopted among other cultures, you may wish to learn cultural distinctions in appropriate business attire (服装)
22、. When visiting Saudi Arabia, for example, the Saudi might wear the traditional Arabic white flowing robe and headcloth. The use of clothing and physical appearance to communicate is more obvious. Clothing can reflect cultural heritage.黄淮学院外语系Muslin girls usually wear scarves to cover their heads, a
23、nd in most instance, “girls are not allowed to participate in swimming classes because of the prohibitions against exposing their bodies.” Modesty is highly valued among Arabs.黄淮学院外语系Perhaps nowhere in the world is the merger between attire and a cultures value system more evident than in Japan. “Th
24、e proclivity(倾向倾向,癖性癖性 ) for conservative dress styles and colors emphasizes the nations collectivism and, concomitantly(同同时地)时地), lessens the potential for social disharmony arising from nonconformist attire.”黄淮学院外语系American brides 黄淮学院外语系Indian brides 黄淮学院外语系Body Movement: kinesics ( (身势语行为身势语行为)
25、) The study of how movement communicates is called kinesics.It can send messages about:Our attitude toward the other person,Our emotional state,1) our desire to control our environment.黄淮学院外语系PostureA man and a woman met on the train platform. Will the woman accept the mans greeting friendly?黄淮学院外语系
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