Research-proposal-development.ppt
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1、Common problems observed in the proposalslToo ambitious and not realistic lDescriptions of methodology being too simple and not being sensiblelAvailability and accessing of data is not clearlLack of justifications for the budget (lack of linkage of activities planned and the budget proposed)Structur
2、e of a research proposallStatement of problemslLiterature reviewlResearch objectiveslMethodologylWorkplan/including administration/use of resultslBudgetStatement/identifications of problemslAnalysing the problemsl- clarify the viewpoints of managers, health workers, and researchers in relation to th
3、e problemsl- further specify and describe the core problemsl- analysing the problems (factors associated with the problems, etc.)lDeciding on the focus and scope of the researchlFormulating the problem statementCommon problems in this sectionlMost proposals have done a good job. lHowever, some propo
4、sals have made this part too general or broad Review of available literature and informationlWhy is it important to review already available information when preparing a research proposal (avoiding duplication, help you define problems precisely, help you become more familiar with the research appro
5、aches, etc.lWhat are the possible sources of information? (published and unpublished papers, project documents, individual, groups and organisations working on similar areas, etc.)lWhere can we find these different sources (international level, national level, and regional/provincial level)? Common
6、problems in this sectionlFailed to review adequate published and unpublished literature.lFailed to look at what other countries have done (lessons and experiences)lFailed to link the literature review with your study objectivesFormulation of research objectiveslWhat do we want to carry out the resea
7、rch? What do we hope to achieve?lGeneral objective: state what researchers expect to achieve by the study in general terms.lSpecific objectives should be systematically address the various aspects of the problem as defined under “Statement of the problems” and the key factors that are assumed to inf
8、luence or cause the problem.lThey should specify WHAT you will do in your study, WHERE and for WHAT purpose.Formulation of research objectiveslPresent the objectives in a coherent waylClearly phrased in operational termslRealisticlUse of action verbsCommon problems in this sectionlAim and objectives
9、 are not well developed or not measurablelToo ambitious and not realisticlToo general, lack of specific focusesResearch questions?lIn the line of each research objective, specific research questions should be developed and are to be addressed by the research projects.lCommon problems: not really pro
10、pose specific questions in the section; put questions which are not closely linked to the project objectivesWhat shall we do next after defining research objectives and questions?lReview specific research objectives and/or research questions carefully to judge if the objectives and/or questions have
11、 a nature of exploration, testing hypothesis/theory, or evaluation of policy/intervention impact. These natures may imply the use of different research methods for data collection. Quantitative, qualitative or both? lSometimes the logic of a study, including the way research questions/objectives (or
12、 hypotheses) are framed, can clearly indicate whether a quantitative or qualitative approach and methods should be used, and that logic flows through naturally into the design, sampling, data collection and data analysis. However, sometimes we may have difficulties deciding appropriate methods for d
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