总结针对电子压力计失效的改进措施.docx
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1、 总结针对电子压力计失效的改进措施压力计和温度计是测试过程使用的主要仪器设备,而其发展也经历了从最初的低精度、单一品种的纯机械式结构到复杂的电子式结构的变革。随着电子电工技术的迅猛发展,具有高精度、高灵敏度、高集成性能的电子压力计如雨后春笋。目前,全国各大油田应用较为广泛的电子压力计多达数十种,而由于压力计的生产厂家众多、型号繁杂、仪器电池检测、识别和操作方式的不同,在使用过程中很容易造成混淆。另外,在矿藏层油气的勘探和开发生产过程中,由于电子压力计长期工作在恶劣环境之中,再加之仪器的选型不当、部件的性能不可靠及人为的操作失误都能造成电子压力计使用过程中的失效,甚至导致试采工艺的失败。因此对影
2、响井下电子压力计失效的主要因素进行分析和预防具有非常重要的现实意义。Pressure gauge and thermometer is the main instrument of testing process using equipment, and its development has experienced from the initial low precision, a single variety of pure mechanical structure to the complex electronic structure changes. With the rapid de
3、velopment of electronic electrician technology, high precision, high sensitivity, high integration performance of electronic pressure gauge have sprung up. Has been widely applied at present, the national major oil fields and as many as dozens of electronic pressure gauge, and because many in the ma
4、nufacturer of the pressure gauge, model is multifarious, instrument battery detection, identification and the different methods of operation, in use process is easy to cause confusion. In addition, the mineral layer of oil and gas exploration and development and production process, due to the electr
5、onic pressure gauge long-term work under bad environment, coupled with improper instrument selection, the performance of the parts is not reliable and human error can be caused in the process of using electronic pressure gauge failure, and even lead to the failure of the pre-production process. So t
6、he main factors of affecting the downhole electronic pressure gauge failure analysis and prevention has very important practical significance. 2、工作原理及性能指标2, working principle and performance indexes 2.1、工作原理2.1, the working principle 电子压力计是一种主要用于油气田矿层压力和温度值测量的高精密的电子仪器。其核心部件是压力传感器和温度传感器,由于压力计的工作环境恶劣多
7、变,因此感应元件的制作需要选用符合深层井下作业的耐高温、高压的特殊材料以确保电子电压计的精确度和可靠性。根据压力传感器和温度传感器的应变电桥原理,压力计的振荡电路在井下地层压力和温度的共同影响作用下,将被测矿层的压力值、温度值转化为电路系统识别电阻值及电压值,并由振荡电路整频转换为计算机识别的电流频率值信号,再经软件校正处理,折算成测试人员需要的井下压力和温度数据。从以上的构成原理可见,电子压力计的核心回路共包含两个测量电路:压力测量电路和温度测量电路。Electronic pressure meter is a kind of is mainly used for oil and gas d
8、eposits of pressure and temperature measurement of high precision electronic instruments. Its core part is the pressure sensor and temperature sensor, due to the bad working conditions and changeful pressure gauge, so choose conforms to the deep underground work required for production of sensing el
9、ements of resistance to high temperature and high pressure of special material to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the electronic voltmeter. According to the principle of pressure sensor and temperature sensor of strain bridge, pressure gauge of the oscillation circuit in downhole formation un
10、der the influence of pressure and temperature, the pressure value and temperature value of the test bed into a circuit system identification resistance and voltage value, and the oscillation circuit the whole conversion frequency values for computer recognition of current signals, then through softw
11、are correction processing, convert testers need data of downhole pressure and temperature. Visible from the composition of the above principle, the core of the electronics pressure gauge circuit consists of two total measurement circuit, circuit of pressure measurement and temperature measurement ci
12、rcuit. 2.2、性能技术指标2.2, performance, technical indicators 电子压力计具有高灵敏度、高精确度、高可靠性的特点,其性能技术指标如下:Electronic pressure gauge has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high accuracy, high reliability, its technical performance indicators are as follows: 2.2.1、精确度2.2.1, accuracy 在压力计无误差时的理想状态下,压力计标准曲线应为一次曲
13、线,但是由于受到地层中诸多因素的影响,压力计的实际图谱走线为二次或三次曲线。正常工作状态下,压力计测量允许的精确度误差为4psi。When there is no error in the pressure gauge of ideal state, the pressure gauge standard curve should be a curve, but due to many factors in the formation, the influence of the pressure gauge of actual map go line for quadratic or cubi
14、c curve. Under normal working state, the pressure gauge allows the accuracy of the measurement error of plus or minus 4 psi. 2.2.2、迟滞性2.2.2, hysteresis 迟滞性指的是压力计在测量过程中从正反两个方向接近同一目标测量值时所显示数据的最大差值,迟滞性误差与压力计传感器使用的材料、制造安装水平及使用环境有很大关系。正常工作状态下,压力计允许的迟滞性测量误差为2psi。Hysteresis sex refers to the pressure gauge
15、 in the process of measuring from the positive and negative two direction is close to the same goal maximum difference in the measured values shows the data, the hysteresis error and pressure meter sensor materials used, manufacturing installation level and using the environment has a lot to do. Nor
16、mal working state, the pressure gauge allows the hysteresis of measurement error was plus or minus 2 psi. 2.2.3、重复性2.2.3, repeatability 重复性误差是指压力计在全测量范围内和同一工作条件下,同一操作者从同方向对同一输入压力值进行多次连续测量所获得的随机误差,重复性误差与压力计使用的地层环境及传感器材料有关。正常工作状态下,压力计允许的重复性测量误差为3psi。Refers to the pressure gauge repeatability error wit
17、hin the range of measurement and under the same working conditions, the same operator many times from the same direction on the same input pressure value by continuous measurement random error, repeatability error and pressure gauge is related to the formation environment and sensor material used. N
18、ormal working state, the pressure gauge allows the repeatability of the measurement error was plus or minus 3 psi. 2.2.4、分辨率2.2.4, resolution 分辨率指的是当测量的目标压力值变化时,压力计所能识别的最小输入量的变化值。正常工作状态下,压力计分辨率为0.02psi。Resolution refers to when measuring changes in target pressure value, pressure gauge can identify
19、changes in value of the minimum input. Normal working state, the pressure gauge resolution of 0.02 psi. 3、 电子压力计的应用现状3, the present situation of the application of electronic pressure gauge 3.1、电子压力计的分类3.1, the classification of electronic pressure gauge 电子压力计按照试井、测井工艺可分为地面直读式电子压力计、井下存储式电子压力计及新型直读式电
20、子压力计。Electronic pressure gauge according to well testing, well logging technology can be divided into surface direct-reading electronic pressure gauge, underground storage electronic pressure meter and a new direct reading type electronic pressure gauge. 3.1.1、地面直读式电子压力计3.1.1, surface direct-reading
21、 electronic pressure gauge 地面直读式压力计是指采用地面直读测试技术将电子压力计随同测井工具一共投入被测井中,之后从井口下入信号电缆进行对接,电子压力计将被测矿层的压力及温度的变化通过信号电缆传输到地面的计算机系统,在计算机上通过操作软件显示、读出并实时的对被测矿层的数据进行处理和分析。Ground direct reading type pressure gauge refers to the use of ground direct reading test technology to electronic pressure gauge with logging
22、tools were put into by logging in later from the wellhead to butt into the signal cable, electronic pressure gauge of the seam will be test pressure and temperature changes in the computer system through the signal transmission cable to the ground, by operating on the computer software display, read
23、 the seam to be measured and real-time data processing and analysis. 3.1.2、井下存储式电子压力计3.1.2, underground storage electronic pressure gauge 井下存储式压力计是指采用井下存储测试技术将由单片机系统组成的存储记录仪及供电电池与电子压力计进行捆绑集成,并随同测试工具投入被测井,存储记录仪的单片机系统按照预先设定的采集存储程序将电子压力计感应到的矿层中压力及温度的变化存储在存储器中,测试任务结束后,酿酒设备将电子压力计从井口取出,并与计算机相连,系统将按照预定的操作程
24、序将记录仪中存储的压力及温度数据进行回放。Underground storage type pressure gauge refers to the underground storage testing technology will be composed of a single-chip computer system storage instrument and power supply battery bundled integrated with electronic pressure gauge, and along with the test tools into by log
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