Improving Your Sentence Structure.docx
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1、Improving Your Sentence StructureProblems with SentencesSentence FragmentsA sentence fragment is not a complete sentence. It usually lacks either a subject or a verb, or both, or contains only a dependent clause.Example:a. For example, three dogs and a goat.b. Studying too hard on weekends, (no subj
2、ect - who was studying?) c. Because I couldn t find my shoes, (contains a subject and verb, but is a dependent clause)Run-on Sentences: Fused sentences and comma spliceExample /:The experiment failed it had been left unobserved for too long.Example 2:The experiment failed, it had been left unobserve
3、d for too long.To correct a fused sentence or a comma splice error, you can use either a period, semi-colon, colon, coordinating conjunction, or subordinating conjunction.Revision:The experiment failedL It had been left unobserved for too long.The experiment failed it had been left unobserved for to
4、o long.The experiment failedi it had been left unobserved for too long.The experiment had been left unobserved for too long, so it failed.The experiment failed because it had been left unobserved for too long.A comma splice also occurs when commas are used before conjunctive adverbs (therefore, howe
5、ver, nevertheless, moreover, etc.) connecting two sentences. Example 3: NO:The experiment had been left unobserved for too long, therefore it failed.YES:The experiment had been left unobserved for too long; therefore, it failed.YES:He wasnt prepared to defend a client who was guilty; however, he cou
6、ld he persuaded to accept a bribe.NOTE: When the conjunctive adverb is within the clause rather than at the beginning, place it between commas.Example:He wasn 7 prepared to defend a client who was guilty; he could be persuaded, however, to accept ci bribe.Correct the following run-on/comma splice se
7、ntences using the method indicated.a. A newly arrived international student faces several challenges, for example, he or she has to cope with a new culture.b. New York City is very cosmopolitan, people from many cultures and ethnic groups live there.3. Loose SentencesA loose sentence may result if y
8、ou use too many “and connectives when other conjunctions would convey a more precise meaning.Example:John had a weight problem, and he dropped out of school.No:Many students attend classes oil morning, and then they work all afternoon, and they also have to study at night, so they are usually exhaus
9、ted by the weekend.Yes:Many students attend dosses all morning and work all afternoon. Since they also have to study at night, they are usually exhausted by the weekend.OR: Because many students attend classes all morning, work all afternoon, and study at night, they are usually exhausted by the wee
10、kend.TaskImprove these stringy sentences.1. He enrolled in an intermediate calculus class, but he found it too easy, so he dropped it, and he signed up for the advanced class.2. First-born children in a family often have more responsibility than their younger siblings, and they feel pressure to set
11、a good example, so they often become superachievers.3. Last-born children, on the other hand, often have little responsibility, and they may be pampered as the baby of the family, but they are the smallest, and they have to get people to like them, so they often develop superior social skills.4. The
12、 students in my engineering class could not do the homework, so we got together and worked for several hours, and we finally solved all the problems.5. The lack of rainfall has caused a severe water shortage, so people have to conserve water every day, and they also have to think of new ways to reus
13、e water, but the situation is improving.Answers will vary. Sample answers:1. After he enrolled in an intermediate culculus class, he founil i( too easy, so he dropped it and signed up for the advanced class.2. Because firstborn children in a family often have more responsibility than their younger s
14、iblings and feel pressure to set n gocxl example, they often become supcrachicvcrs.3. Last-bom children, on the other hand, often have little responsibility and may be pampered as the “baby” of the family; however, because (hey arc (he smailcsi. they have to get people to like them. As a result, (he
15、y often develop superior social skills.4. The students in my engineering class could not do (he homework, so we got (ogcihcr and worked for several hours until we finally solved all of (he problems.5. As【he kick of rainfall has caused a severe water shortage, people have io conserve water every day
16、and think of new ways (o reuse it. However, (he situation is improving.A loose sentence also results from weak sentence construction and the inclusion of many phrases and clauses in no particular order.Example:In the event that we get the contract, we must be ready by June 1 with the necessary perso
17、nnel and equipment to get the job done, so with this end in mind a stajf meeting, which all group managers are expected to attend, is scheduled for February 12.The discipline of telecommunications engineering, including the designing and installation overseein of telecommunications equipment and fac
18、ilities, such as complex electronic switching systems, copper wire telephone facilities and fibre optics, is the enhancement of telecommunication systems through the bringig together of electrical engineering and computer science, from basic circuit design to strategic mass developments.Revised:Tele
19、communications engineering is a discipline that brings together electrical engineering and computer science in order to enhance telecommunications systems. The work involved ranges from basic circuit design to strategic mass developments. The work of a telecommunications engineer includes designing
20、and overseeing the installation of telecommunications equipment such as complex electronic switching systems, copper wire telephone facilities and fibre optics.NOTE: Writing the previous passage as several sentences would be more effective.4. Choppy Sentences(Short sentences can be effective in cert
21、ain situations.For instance, when you want to make an impact, use a short sentence.Despite countless doctors warnings, news stories, and magazine articles about the importance of eating a nutritious, balanced diet, many people resist developing healthy eating habits. Some people just like junk food.
22、(A sentence of 25 words is followed by one of 6 words. The second sentence has greater impact because it is so short.)Choppy sentences are sentences hat are too short. However, overuse of short sentences is considered poor style in academic wriling.e.g. Wind is an enduring source of power. Wetter is
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