2021 年考研英语(一)真题及答案 2021 英语真题答案.docx
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1、2021年考研英语(一)真题及答案2021英语真题答案 2021年考研英语(一)真题Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as a bodily exercise precious to health. Bu
2、t some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to, a good laugh is unlikely to have benefits the way
3、, saywalking or jogging does., instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently acplishes the, studies dating back to the 第1页共32页 1930 s indicate that laughter, muscles,Such bodily reaction might conceivably help theeffects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of
4、 laughing probably does produce other types of feedback, that improve an individuaT s emotional state.one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted physical reactions. Itwas argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry they aresad but they bee sad when te tears b
5、egin to flow. Although sadness also tears, evidence suggests thatemotions can flow muscular responses. In anexperiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz.1. A amongB except C despite D like 2.A reflectB demand C indicate D produce 3.A stabilizingB boosting C impairing D determining 4. A tr
6、ansmitB sustain C evaluate D observe 5. A measurable 第2页共32页B manageable C affordable D renewable 6. A Inevery week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small
7、part of us hoped getting “ the 第18页共32页Rachel ” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. 36. JenniferSenior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring A temporary delight B enjoyment in progress C happiness in retrospect D lasting reward 37. We learn from Paragraph2 th
8、at A celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip. B singlemothers with babies deserve greater attention. C news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining. D having children is highly valued by the public. 38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks A are constantly exposed to criti
9、cism. B are largely ignored by the media. C fail to fulfill their social responsibilities. D are less likely to be satisfied with their life. 39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is A soothing. B ambiguous.C pensatory. D misleading. 第19页共32页40. Which of the follo
10、wing can be inferred from the last paragraph? A Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms. B Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing. C Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life. D We sometimes neglect the happiness from child reari
11、ng. PartB Directions: The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. ForQuestions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers o
12、n ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) A No disciplines have seized onprofessionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. Youcan, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But第20页共32页the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine y
13、ears. Notsurprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees. B His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style:22% of American college graduates now major in busi
14、ness pared with only2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a general education ” should look like. AtH
15、arvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read ” -they form a sort of social glue. CEqually unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. Thereare simply too few posts. This第21页共32页is partly because universities con
16、tinue to produce ever more PhDs. Butfewer students want to study humanities subjects:English departments awarded more bachelor s degrees in 1970-71 than they did20 years later. Fewerstudents requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the pro
17、fession to do something for which they have not been trained. DOne reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schoo
18、ls. Many students experience both varieties. Althoughmore than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. E 第22页共32页Besides professionalizing the prof
19、essions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professio
20、nalismhas turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as1969a third of American professors did not possess one.Butthe key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular special
21、ization are transmissible but not transferable. So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge. F The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of 第23页共3
22、2页 knowledge are produced. Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize. Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to bee less exclusionary and more holistic. Yet quite how that happens,
23、Mr Menand dose not say. G The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening i
24、n American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully. G f 41. f 42.E f43. 44.一45.Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Yourtranslation should be written carefully on ANS
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