分词和分词短语的用法(4页).doc
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1、-分词和分词短语的用法-第 4 页分词和分词短语的用法1) 作定语作定语用的分词如果是单词,一般放在它所修饰的名词之前。如:Im reading a very interesting book.我在读一本很有趣的书。He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜欢喝凉开水。分词短语作定语用时,一般皆放在它所修饰的名词的后面。它的功用相当于定语从句。如:China is a developing socialist country belonging to the Third world.中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家,属于第三世界。(= which belong
2、s to the Third World)The man sitting it the corner is my brother.坐在角落里的那个人是我的兄弟。(= who is sitting in the comer)Most of the people invited to the party did not come.被邀请参加晚会的人多数没有来。(= who were invited to the party.)2)作表语The opera is very moving and instructive.这个歌剧很动人,且有教育意义。The cups are broken.这些杯子是破
3、的。He is married.他已经结婚了。注 分词作表语用时,相当于形容词,不可与进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式相似,但可以从意义上加以辨别。试比较:Lei Fengs spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. 雷锋的精神鼓舞着全国人民。(现在进行时)His report is inspiring. 他的报告令人鼓舞。(现在分词作表语)The road was completed by the PLA men.这条路是解放军战士修成的。(被动语态)The road is completed.这条路已经筑成。(过
4、去分词作表语)3)作状语分词在意义上也可用作状语,表示时间、原因、方式和伴随情况等。a)表示时间(在意义上往往相当于表示时间的状语从句)。如:Looking out of the window,I saw groups of children passing by the house.我从窗口望出去,看见成群的孩子们从房子前面走过。(= When I locked out of the window)Heated,the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。(= When it is healed)Opening the drawer he took out a dictiona
5、ry.他打开抽屉,拿出一本词典。(= He opened the drawer and took.这两个动作是一个接着一个)注如果要强调分词短语与谓语动词所表示的时间关系,分词短语之前可用when或while等连词。如:While working in the factory (= While I was working in the factory),I learnt a lot from the workers.我在工厂工作期间,从工人那里学到了很多东西。When heated,the metal expands.这种金属加热后即膨胀。b)表示原因(在意义上相当于表示原因的状语从句)。如:
6、Feeling tired, I telephoned and said I couldnt come to a hospital of Chinese medicine.我感到累,打电话说我不能去。(= Since I felt tired)Thinking that Chinese medicine might help,he went to a hospital of Chinese medicine.他想中医也许有效,于是到一家中医医院去治病。(= As he thought that.)Inspired by the excellent situation they worked e
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