初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第10辑(共20辑)-课文中的基本句型(16页).doc
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1、-初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第10辑(共20辑)-课文中的基本句型-第 16 页初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第10辑(共20辑)课文中的基本句型1. S+V 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London.2. S+V+O 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others.3. S+V+P 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动
2、词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet.4. S+V+INO+DO 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词有:a
3、nswer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell,write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua?5. S+V+O+OC此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our sc
4、hool clean.They made him their monitor.【注】S=Subject(主语); V=Verb(谓语动词);P=Predicative(表语); O=Object(宾语);INO=Indirect Object(间接宾语);DO=Direct Object(直接宾语);OC=Object Complement(宾语补足语)句子的基本结构 句子是语言交流或表达思想感情的基本单位。要翻译好句子,做好书面表达,就必须首先掌握句子的基本结构。句型1: 主语+谓语(状语)要点精讲在这个句型中,谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不接宾语,没有被动语态。但副词、介词短语、名词短语等可
5、以作状语来表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等。在使用该句型时,要特别注意谓语动词的时态、人称和数的变化以及各种句型之间的相互转换等。方法平移根据汉语提示完成下面的句子:1. 他既不会跳舞,也不会唱歌。He can _ _ _ _. 2. 天黑了,你最好回家。Its dark now. Youd better _ _.3. 我认为他能跳三米远。I think he can _ _ _ _ _ _ .Key: 1. neither dance nor sing 2. go home 3. jump as far as three metres句型2:主语+系动词+表语要点精讲常见的
6、系动词有:be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, become, turn 等。在此句型中,系动词不是主语发出的动作,表语常由名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、名词从句等充当。注意有些形容词只能作表语而不能修饰名词,初中阶段学过的有:asleep, alone, alive, afraid, sure , sorry 等。 方法平移1. The couple(A) often visit the old man, so(B) he feels happily(C) all the time(D).
7、(改错) 2. The oranges taste(A) terribly(B). None(C) of us likes(D) them.(改错) (烟台市)3. 李老师病情严重,但仍坚持工作。硬要她休息恐怕是不可能的。(根据汉语提示完成句子) Mrs. Li _ seriously _, but she still keeps working. I _ _ its not possible to make her rest in bed.4. Edison and Einstein _ _ _ _ (都是伟大的科学家).(根据汉语提示完成句子) 5. Dont eat the food.
8、It _. (单项选择)A. smells badly B. smells bad C. smells good D. smells well Key: 1. C happilyhappy 2. B terriblyterrible 3. is; ill; am afraid 4. are both great scientists 5. B句型3:主语+谓语+宾语 要点精讲在该句型中,谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须跟宾语句意才能表达完整、正确。宾语可以是名词、代词、不定式、v-ing 形式和宾语从句等。在使用该句型时,注意谓语动词的时态、语态、人称的变化以及各种句型之间的相互转换等。 方法平移
9、1. We planted many trees in our school yard last month. (改为被动语态) (青海省)Many trees_ _ in our school yard last month.2. Melissa got a birthday present. (就划线部分提问) (四川省)What _ Melissa _?3. 我想知道世界上正在发生什么事情。(根据汉语提示完成句子)(威海市)I want to know_ _ _ in the world.4. You neednt_ _ _(不必为我担心). I can_ _ _(照料自己). (根据汉
10、语提示完成句子)(岳阳市)Key: 1. were planted 2. did, get 3. what is happening 4. worry about me; look after myself 句型4:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语要点精讲可以跟双宾语的动词常见的有:ask, bring, buy, cost, fetch, give, hand, lend, pass, pay, read, return, sell, send, show, take, teach, tell, write等。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前,若将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,则要用介词to 或 fo
11、r。方法平移1. 母亲节那天我要给妈妈买件礼物。(根据汉语提示完成句子) I want to buy_ _ _ _ on Mothers Day.2. 请给我看一下你的照片。(根据汉语提示完成句子) Please_ _ _ _. 3. 老师耐心地向学生解释了那道数学题。(根据汉语提示完成句子) The teacher _ _ _ _ to the students patiently.4. Her uncle gave her a nice present yesterday. (同义句转换) Her uncle gave a nice present _ _ yesterday. 5. Mo
12、ther is making me a cake. (改为被动语态) _ _ _ _ _ for me by Mother. Key: 1. my mother a present 2. show me your photo(s) 3. explained the math problem 4. to her5. A cake is being made句型5:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语+ 宾语补足语 要点精讲英语中,有些及物动词只跟宾语意思还不完整,必须再加一个宾语补足语补充说明宾语的动作或状态。可以做宾语补足语的是:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。可以接宾补的动词常见的有:
13、let, make, have, find, think, see, hear, watch, feel, notice等。方法平移1. 我总认为学好英语很重要。 (根据汉语提示完成句子) I always think _ _ _ _ _ English well. 2. 他的朋友们经常叫他戒烟。(根据汉语提示完成句子) His friends often _ _ _ _ _ smoking.3. 你不应当让他一个人去那儿。(根据汉语提示完成句子) You shouldnt_ _ _ there alone.4. Every teacher wishes _ _ _ _ _(学生努力学习)to
14、 make progress. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 5. He tried(A) to make(B) himself hear(C) at the parents meeting(D).(改错) Key: 1. it very important to learn/ its very important to learn 2. ask him to give up3. let him go 4. the students to study hard 5. C hearheard句子的倒装结构 英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后。把谓语放在主语之前,就叫做倒装。全部谓语放在主语之前,
15、叫做全部倒装;只把部分谓语即be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,叫做部分倒装。1. 存在句(there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等)需要全部倒装。如:There once lived an old hunter in the house. 这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。There seems to be many listeners. 似乎有很多听众。 2. 副词here, there, now, then等置于句首(经常与go, come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。Now comes your tur
16、n. 现在轮到你了。注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如:Here they are. 他们在这儿。3. 介词短语作为地点状语置于句首,后面如果有lie, live, sit, stand, come, go等动词,全句需要全部倒装。如:Into the hall came three women. 大厅里走进来三位妇女。 In the east of the school lies a big bookshop. 学校的东边有一个大的书店。4. 当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/ neither/ nor+be/ 助词/ 情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的
17、时态、语态相一致。如:I have finished my homework. 我已经做完作业了。So has he. 他也做完了。I havent seen that film. 我没看过那部电影。Neither (Nor) have I. 我也没有。5. not only. but also.连接两个并列句,且not only置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed. 他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。it句 型1. It
18、is + 被强调部分 + that . BS.? 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 YmIt was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. LIt was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. JXBIt
19、was in the street that I met her father. 5/L2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that .:该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语直到才,可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.y= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous f
20、ilm star.9%_5= I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. MI3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain.) that .r 该句型中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句,常译为清楚(显然,真的,肯定)是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 fMxzIt is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. lW= That hes round and
21、tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that .E|Qu1该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。,:It is important that we (should) learn English well. )CXIt is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5V5
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