LCD结构介绍,特别是广视角讲得很透彻.pdf
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1、1Advanced Display Optics LabMid-term ReportPlease select one of the following topics1.Micro-optical Waveguide2.Micro-planner optics3.Micro-optics on Array illuminations4.Micro-optics for beam shaping5.Micro-optics on information storage6.Micro-optics with hybrid lens7.Micro-optics on Display8.Applic
2、ations of Subwave-length grating9.Optical MEMs Systems10.Active LC Micro-optics11.Micro-optics for Bio.Applications12.Photonic CrystalPlease select one of the following topicsPlease Return the Final Report to Room.511 before May.2nd(Monday)Optical Design,Fabrication,and MeasurementLC-Optics And LC M
3、odesAssosiate Professor:Yi-Pai HuangDepartment of Photonics and Display Institute3Advanced Display Optics LabOutlineIntroduction of LC PhysicsLC-Optics-Jones Matrix-Optics of TN-LCD-Polarizer and CompensatorLC modes-Wide Viewing Angle Tech.-Low Color-washout Tech.of VA-Other LC modes and Application
4、s4Advanced Display Optics Lab西元1888年奧地利植物學家 F.Reinitzer首先發現液態晶體(Liquid crystals-簡稱 液晶)的存在,接著便開啟了之後相關的基礎研究與發展。History of LCD5Advanced Display Optics Lab西元1973年,日本夏普(Sharp)公司成功開發出以液晶顯示器為顯示面板的計算機與手錶西元1995年,韓國廠商進入薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器-TFT LCD的生產,包括三星(Samsung)、LG等於90年代底迅速達到超越市場佔有率30%。而台灣近年來有許多的TFT-LCD新廠設立,政府與民間皆視台灣
5、LCD產業為第二個半導體工業。部分圖片擷取自日本SHARP 20XX年未来散歩網頁History of LCD6Advanced Display Optics LabLC director nn=nen=nooennn Light(ne,no)Light(no)Birefrigency EffectRefractive Index(Birefringence)7Advanced Display Optics LabLC director n llpositive LCnegative LCpositive LCnegative LCE fieldE fieldE fieldE fieldE f
6、ieldE fieldDielectric Constant8Advanced Display Optics LabElectrostatic Energy9Advanced Display Optics LabLC Operation10Advanced Display Optics LabDielectric Constants11Advanced Display Optics LabSplay(K11)Splay(K11)0n Twist(K22)Twist(K22)n/n Bend(K33)Bend(K33)nn Elastic Constants12Advanced Display
7、Optics LabOssen-Franks free energy formulation233222211dnnKnnKnK21f Frank形變自由能密度標準式 總自由能extsdFFFF 形變自由能介面作用自由能外場作用自由能 外場作用自由能密度光能磁能電能 8181 21 21BHDEfHn fEn fop2/m2/eFree Energy Formulation13Advanced Display Optics LabJones is powerful for studying the propagation of plane waveswith arbitrary states
8、of polarization through an arbitrary sequence of birefringent elements and polarizers.Limitations:Applies to normal incidence or paraxial rays only Neglects Fresnel refraction and surface reflections Deficient polarizer modeling Only models polarized lightOther Methods:4x4 Method exact solutions(mod
9、els refraction and multiple reflections)2x2 Extended Jones Matrix Method(relaxes multiple reflections for greater simplicity)Jones Matrix Limitations14Advanced Display Optics LabLinear PolarizedCircular PolarizedJones Vector of Polarization15Advanced Display Optics Lab(notation:fast(f)and slow(s)com
10、ponent of the polarization state)Jones Matrix Method(I)Z-axisY-axissX-axisfyy The polarization state in a fixed lab axis X and Y:Decomposed into fast and slowcoordinate transform:rotation matrix If nsand nfare the refractive indices associated with the pro-pagation of slow and fast components,the em
11、erging beam has the polarization state:Where d is the thickness and l isthe wavelengthxyVVVyyyyyc o ss ins inc o sxxsyyfVVVRVVV2e xp020e xpsssfffindVVVVindll16Advanced Display Optics Lab For a“simple”retardation film,the following phase changes occur:(relative phase retardation)(mean absolute phase
12、change)Jones Matrix Method(II)Rewriting previous retardation equation:l 2sfnndl122sfnndllll /2/22exp020exp2exp02220exp2200sssfffsfsfssfsffisiiindVVVVindnnnnidVnnnnVidVeeeVf17Advanced Display Optics LabJones Matrix Method(III)The Jones vector of the polarization state of the emerging beam in the X-Y
13、coordinate system is given by transforming back to the S-F coordinate system.yyyyc o ss ins inc o sxsyfVVVV18Advanced Display Optics Lab By combining equations,the transformation due to the retarder plate is:where W0is the Jones matrix for the retarder plate and R(Y)is thecoordinate rotation matrix.
14、(The absolute phase can often be neglected if multiple reflections can be ignored)A retardation plate is characterized by its phase retardation and its azimuth angle y,and is represented by:Jones Matrix Method(IV)yy0 xxyyVVRW RVV yyyyycossinsincosR/20/200iiieWee yy0WRWR19Advanced Display Optics Labx
15、yzysf0121Analyzer穿透軸 02221 VV 0001VVfsyxyyyyysinsincossinsincos yyyyyyysincoscossinsincos0121RVV VVyxfsyysin)exp(cos)exp()exp()exp()exp()exp(2i2ii VV 2i002iiVVfsfsclnn21 clnnfsfs)(,)(Analyzer穿透軸2221T22ysinsinBirefringent Plates20Advanced Display Optics LabBirefringent Plates4545Parallel polarizersCr
16、oss polarizers22cossin100sin1222001220sincos2211()sinsin222eoiiEinn dIl 22cossin000cos11222011220sincos2211()coscos222eoiEinn dIl 21Advanced Display Optics LabElectrical Controlled Birefringence(ECB)mode22Advanced Display Optics LabIn General:Summary Wave PlatesRemember:l2 eonn d YY/2/200iieWRRe23Ad
17、vanced Display Optics LabIn General:Summary PolarizersYY1000WRRRemember:24Advanced Display Optics Labyfnyf2fn-1sn-1s1f1xdsns2zyfnyf2fn-1sn-1s1f1xdsns2zOptical Properties of TN-LC(1)25Advanced Display Optics LabOptical Properties of TN-LC(2)26Advanced Display Optics LabOptical Properties of TN-LC(3)2
18、7Advanced Display Optics LabMauguin Condition:Adiabatic Following(Waveguiding)28Advanced Display Optics LabE-mode Wave guidingO-mode Wave guidingAdiabatic Following(Waveguiding)29Advanced Display Optics Lab 1121sin/1/121sinT sinsin2cos 2 01 2 00 12 wheresin2cossinsinsin2cos2222222222,uuiVVVVeeRMVVii
19、RVVyxyxiiyxyx且若若滿足If the incident light is linearly polarized along either the slow or the fast axis at the entrance plane,it will remain linearly polarized along the“local”slow or fast axis(Adiabatic following;Wave-guiding).(Y component will be block by the analyzer NB)(Slow twist)(e-mode)1121sin/1
20、/121sinT sinsin2cos 2 01 2 00 12 wheresin2cossinsinsin2cos2222222222,uuiVVVVeeRMVViiRVVyxyxiiyxyx且若若滿足If the incident light is linearly polarized along either the slow or the fast axis at the entrance plane,it will remain linearly polarized along the“local”slow or fast axis(Adiabatic following;Wave-
21、guiding).(Y component will be block by the analyzer NB)(Slow twist)(e-mode)Minimum conditions90o TN-LC(e-mode)3,15,35u 30Advanced Display Optics LabTransmission of TN LCDs:Normally Black00.10.20.30.40.502468101214uT(%)first minimumsecond minimumthird minimum2d nul3u 153531Advanced Display Optics Lab
22、View Angle of 90o-TN Cellq 0CR=50CR=103060306003060=90120150180210240270300CR=533032Advanced Display Optics Lab Horizontal viewing Vertical viewingTransmittance vs.viewing angle for different gray-levelsI-3-5View Angle of 90o-TN CellGray level inversion33Advanced Display Optics LabI-3-76 oclock12 oc
23、lockon CFon AR左旋左旋on CFon AR左旋左旋Rubbing Directionnonenonononeff n=ne-no n=neff-no n=0CFAR6 oclock12 oclock6 oclock12 oclockon CFon AR左旋左旋on CFon AR左旋左旋on CFon AR左旋左旋Rubbing Directionnonenonononeff n=ne-no n=neff-no n=0nonenonononeff n=ne-no n=neff-no n=0CFARCBACBALC MoleculeGlassSub-strateDisplay St
24、ateOrientation of LC MoleculesOptical ModeOffGray ScaleOn(a)(b)(c)Rotation,DispersionRotation&BirefringenceBirefringence(Almost zero in normal dir.)CBACBACBACBALC MoleculeGlassSub-strateDisplay StateOrientation of LC MoleculesOptical ModeOffGray ScaleOn(a)(b)(c)Rotation,DispersionRotation&Birefringe
25、nceBirefringence(Almost zero in normal dir.)View Angle of 90o-TN Cell34Advanced Display Optics LabField OFF(Dark)0=2sin21=T0=22o22e22eff22celloeffcellncos+nsin=n102sin2sin21=T0d)nn(2=-(ne no)Negative c-plate(ne no)0d)nn(2=platecoeffplatec-0=2sin2sin21=T0=+=22plateccelltotal-Compensation for LC35Adva
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