不平等与异质性PPT讲稿.ppt
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1、不平等与异质性2022/9/20Inequality and Heterogeneity1第1页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三大大 纲纲v一、关于一、关于laulauv二、关于二、关于不平等和异质性不平等和异质性v三、该书核心概念与主要内容三、该书核心概念与主要内容v四、对该书及其理论的评价和启示四、对该书及其理论的评价和启示第2页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三一、关于一、关于lauv、对、对Peter Michael Blau的评价的评价v、Peter Michael Blau的一生的一生v、Peter Michael Blau的的Works第3页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星
2、期三1 1、对、对Peter Michael BlauPeter Michael Blau的评价的评价()From Wikipedia a renowned(有名望的,著名的)(有名望的,著名的)author and professor()By W.RICHARD SCOTT and CRAIG CALHOUN a leading figure(最主要的人物)in sociology throughout the second half of the twentieth century,and by its end among the most cited of all active soci
3、ologists.第4页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三1、对Peter Michael Blau的评价v(3)By W.RICHARD SCOTT and CRAIG CALHOUN vHis major contributions were to the study of macrosocial structure analyzing the large-scale systems of organizations,social classes,and the dimensions around which societies are structured.vAt the same t
4、ime he was the author of an enduringly influential microsociological study of exchange relations.第5页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三1、对Peter Michael Blau的评价v(3)By W.RICHARD SCOTT and CRAIG CALHOUNvHe was one of the founders of the field of organizational sociology and the coauthor of a highly influential study of
5、 the American occupational structure that transformed the study of social inequality and mobility.vHis contributions to conceptualizing and measuring the parameters of societal systems continue to inspire and guide current theory and research.第6页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三1、对Peter Michael Blau的评价v(3)By W.RIC
6、HARD SCOTT and CRAIG CALHOUNvPeter was productive throughout his career,beginning with a pathbreaking and influential dissertation and first book examining the dynamics of bureaucracy.vHe continued to advance his macrostructural theory of society well beyond his formal retirement,submitting journal
7、articles and working with graduate students into his eighties.第7页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三1、对Peter Michael Blau的评价v(3)By W.RICHARD SCOTT and CRAIG CALHOUNvHe was a dynamic and inspiring teacher,and mentored a large and distinguished collection of graduate students and junior colleagues.vHe served as presid
8、ent of the American Sociological Association in 1972-1973 and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1980.vColleagues will remember Peter as a man with an active interest in the world,an inquiring mind,a probing intellect,a gentle manner,a wry sense of humor,and a thick Austrian accent.v
9、He was a lover of theater and art,but most of all he reveled in the life of the mind.第8页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三Peter Michael Blau 第9页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三、Peter Michael Blau的一生vPeter Michael Blau(February 7,1918March 12,2002)was a sociologist.Born in Vienna,Austria,he emigrated to the United States in 1939.
10、He received his PhD at Columbia University in 1952 before moving on to teach at the University of Chicago from 1953 to 1970.In 1970 he returned to Columbia,where he continued to teach until 1988.His sociological specialty was in organizational and social structures,in particular bureaucracy.He theor
11、ized explanations for many social phenomena,including upward mobility,occupational opportunity,heterogeneity,and how population structures can influence human behavior.He also was the first to map out the wide variety of social forces,dubbed Blau space by Miller McPherson.Blau-space is still used as
12、 a guide by sociologists and has been expanded to include areas of sociology Blau himself never specifically covered.In 1974 Blau served as president of the American Sociological Association.He died of acute respiratory distress syndrome.第10页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三、Peter Michael Blau的的WorksvExchangeandPo
13、werinSocialLife,(1964)vTheAmericanOccupationalStructure,(1967)vAFormalTheoryofDifferentiationinOrganizations,(1970)vInequalityandHeterogeneity:aprimitivetheoryofsocialstructure,(1977)vCrosscuttingSocialCircles:TestingaMacrostructuralTheoryofIntergroupRelations,with Joseph E.Schwartz(1984)第11页,共60页,编
14、辑于2022年,星期三v1954 vCo-operation and competition in a bureaucracy.Am.J.Sociol.19:530-536.v1955 vThe Dynamics of Bureaucracy:A Study of Interpersonal Relations in Two Government Agencies.Chicago:University of Chicago Press(rev.ed.1963).v1956 vBureaucracy in Modern Society.New York:Random House(2nd ed.,
15、rev.with M.Meyer,1971;3rd ed.,rev.,1987).v1957 vFormal organization:Dimensions of analysis.Am.J.Sociol.63:58-69.vOccupational bias and mobility.Am Sociol.Rev.22:392-399.第12页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三v1960 vStructural effects.Am.Sociol.Rev.25:178-193.v1962 vWith W.R.Scott.Formal Organizations:A Comparative A
16、pproach.San Francisco:Chandler(reissued by Stanford University Press,2003).vPatterns of choice in interpersonal relations.Am.Sociol.Rev.27:41-55.v1963 vCritical remarks on Webers theory of authority.Am.Polit.Sci.Rev.57:305-316.v1964 vExchange and Power in Social Life.New York:Wiley.v1966 vWith W.V.H
17、eydebrand and R.E.Stauffer.The structure of small bureaucracies.Am.Sociol.Rev.31:179-191.vWith O.D.Duncan.The American Occupational Structure.New York:Wiley.v1968 vThe hierarchy of authority in organizations.Am.J.Sociol.73:453-467.vTheories:Organizations.In International Encyclopedia of the Social S
18、ciences.New York:Macmillan and Free Press.第13页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三v1970 vA formal theory of differentiation in organizations.Am.Sociol.Rev.35:201-218.v1971 vWith R.A.Schoenherr.The Structure of Organizations.New York:Basic Books.v1973 vThe Organization of Academic Work.New York:Wiley.v1974 vOn the Nat
19、ure of Organizations.New York:Wiley.vParameters of social structure.Am.Sociol.Rev.39:615-635.v1976 vApproaches to the Study of Social Structure,ed.and contributor.New York:Wiley.v1977 vA macrosociological theory of social structure.Am.J.Sociol.83:26-54.vInequality and Heterogeneity:A Primitive Theor
20、y of Social Structure.New York:Free Press.第14页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三v1981 vWith R.K.Merton.Continuities in Structural Inquiry,ed.and contributor.Beverly Hills,Calif.:Sage.vWith J.E.Schwartz.Crosscutting Social Circles.Orlando:Academic Press.v1987 vMicroprocess and macrostructure.In Social Exchange Theor
21、y,ed.K.S.Cook,pp.83-100.Newbury Park:Sage.v1994 vStructural Contexts of Opportunities.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.v2002 vReflections on a career as a theorist.In New Directions in Contemporary Sociological Theory,eds.J.Berger and M.Zelditch,Jr.New York:Rowman and Littlefield.第15页,共60页,编辑于202
22、2年,星期三二、二、不平等和异质性不平等和异质性一书概况一书概况v1 1、中英文版本、中英文版本v、名家对该书的评价、名家对该书的评价v、该书的文章结构、该书的文章结构v、内容概述、内容概述第16页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三1、中英文版本v()原版()原版v书名:书名:InequalityandHeterogeneity:APrimitiveTheoryofSocialStructure.v出版社:出版社:The Free Press.New Yorkv出版时间:出版时间:1977v目前国内国际大多采用这本作为参考书目前国内国际大多采用这本作为参考书v()中文版本()中文版本v王春光
23、、谢圣赞译,中国社会科学出版社,王春光、谢圣赞译,中国社会科学出版社,19911991年年1212月第一版。月第一版。第17页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三、名家对该书的评价、名家对该书的评价v(1)By Catton va theoretical masterpiece.v(2)By Turner vone of the most important theoretical works ever written in sociology.请教:哪些名家对该书做了怎么样的评价?请教:哪些名家对该书做了怎么样的评价?第18页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三、该书的文章结构v全书共有十章
24、:v第一章“社会交往的结构”,是对研究的理论基础的阐述。v第二章“规模与数量”,是对最简单的结构术语群体规模的差异的位置占据者的数量差异的分析。v第三、四章论述的是两种一般分化形式不平等与差异性,其中第三章是对交往中的不平等含义及影响不平等的条件的定理进行分析,第四章是分析由单一参数所描述的异质性和多个参数所描述的复合异质性。v第五章“复合参数”是对复合参数及其与社会交往的冲突和结构变迁的相关关系进行全面论述。v第六章“亚结构和交换”,集中讨论内群体交换。v第七八九三章分别就生态结构、工作组织和权力分配三种特定分化形式进行论述。v第十章也是最后一章,即“理论提要”,作者集中列举了推导出来的所有
25、定理。第19页,共60页,编辑于2022年,星期三、内容概述、内容概述v该书努力去构筑该书努力去构筑一个系统的社会结构理论一个系统的社会结构理论。作者试着根据社区和。作者试着根据社区和社会中人们在变化着的社会位置结构中的社会中人们在变化着的社会位置结构中的分布分布去解释他们的去解释他们的社会社会交往模式交往模式。这些解释都采取这样的简单说明形式,即揭示人们。这些解释都采取这样的简单说明形式,即揭示人们的二人的二人对称交往对称交往在结构花方式上的差别都能在结构花方式上的差别都能从从有关社会位置结构有关社会位置结构的的定量属性的分析命题定量属性的分析命题以及作为有关特定趋向的以及作为有关特定趋向的
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