限时训练(九).docx
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1、限时练习(九).浏览了解A话题:书店难度:ABriefHistoryofWaterstonesWaterstonesisthelargestbookstorechainintheUKandIreland,with296storesand4,500employees,butitsmarketsharehasrecentlydeclinedandsaleshavebeenpoor.Thebookmarketsufferedduringtheeconomydeclinesandtheemergenceofnewe-readers,suchastheAmazonKindle,waspullingmor
2、ecustomersawayfromthehighstreet.A&NNwillpayforWaterstonesintwoparts,oneof40millionandoneof13million.ThedealwillonlycompleteifHMVcanrenegotiateitsbankfacilities,thoughHMVsaysthebanksaresupportiveofthesale.Pensiontrusteesandthepensionsregulatoralsohavetoapprove.HMVchiefexecutiveSimonFoxsaidA&NNwouldbe
3、agoodhomeforWaterstones,whilethesalewillreduceborrowingsandenableHMVtofocusonplansfortransformingthebusinessintoabroad-basedentertainmentbusiness.A&NNwillappointJamesDauntasmanagingdirectorofWaterstonesoncethedealcompletes.MrDauntcurrentlyrunsDauntBooks,asmallchainofLondon-basedbookshopshefoundedin1
4、990.WaterstonesfounderTimWaterstoneopenedhisfirststorein1982atatimewhenfellowbookloverswerepresentedwithfewoptionsonthehighstreet.ThetopbooksellerwasWHSmith,MrWaterstonesformeremployerofeightyearsbeforehewasdismissed,whichhefeltwasfailingtogointoabroadmarketofliteraturefans.ThefirststorewasopenedinO
5、ldBromptonRoad,andtheformerbankersintuitionwascorrectasthechainwentfromstrengthtostrength.MrWaterstone,whohaswrittenfournovels,sawarecoveryinthemarketdrivenbydemandfortheworksofanewwaveofliterarystarsincludingSalmanRushdie,IanMcEwan,JohnBanvilleandMartinAmis.Havingfoundedthefirmwithhis6,000,MrWaters
6、tonesoldthechaintohisformeremployerWHSmithin1993for47million.语篇解读本文报告了连锁书店Waterstones的变迁。1.Accordingtothepassage,whoisthemostlikelytobethemanagingdirectorofWaterstonesinthenearfutureA.MrWaterstone.B.JohnBanville.C.JamesDaunt.D.SimonFox.谜底C剖析细节了解题。按照第五段第一句“A&NNwillappointJamesDauntasmanagingdirectoro
7、fWaterstonesoncethedealcompletes.可知C项准确。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intuitionmeaninthepassageA.Instinctiveknowledge.B.Mentalimage.C.Calmconsideration.D.Indirectsuggestion.谜底A剖析词义猜测题。按照intuition地点的段落中的“asthechainwentfromstrengthtostrength以及全文语境可知intuition表现的是银里手的“直觉,应选A项。B话题:掉眠难度:AnewstudyfromtheUniv
8、ersityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicinesuggeststhatgettingoutofbedwhenyoucantsleepmightpreventyoursleeplessnightfrombecomingchronicinsomnia(慢性掉眠).Aftermonitoringthesesleephabitsof416participantsforoneyear,researchersfoundthatnightowlswhorestrictedtheirtimeinbedweremorelikelytosleepsoundlyoncetheydidfal
9、lasleep.Thosewhoremainedinbedwhentheycouldntsleep,ontheotherhand,weremorelikelytodevelopchronicinsomnia.Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst,itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.“Thosewithinsomniatypicallyextendtheirsleepopportunity,saidMichaelPerlis,PhD.“Theygotobedearl
10、y,getoutofbedlate,andtheynap.Whilethisseemsareasonablethingtodo,andmaywellbeintheshortterm,theprobleminthelongertermisthatitcreatesamismatchbetweentheindividualscurrentsleepabilityandtheircurrentsleepopportunity;thisfuelsinsomnia.Theseseeminglyharmlesshabitscouldbecausingyourinsomnia,too.“Soifyoures
11、trugglingtofallasleepatnight,trygettingoutofbedandusingthattimetoreadabookorwriteinajournal.Notonlycouldyoufallasleepinjustanhour,butyouwillalsodosofasterandsleepbetterthanifyouhadjuststayedinbed,PerlistoldRealSimple.“Andtrytoresisttheurgetotakeanaporsleepinthenextday;poweringthroughcanhelpyoufallas
12、leepthefollowingnight.语篇解读本文是一篇阐明文。一项新的研讨觉察,掉眠时不该逼迫本人入睡,最好的做法是起床做点其余的事,如斯可以防备慢性掉眠。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitiveinParagraph3meanA.Contrarytocommonbelief.B.Unlikeanythingelse.C.Similartofirstreaction.D.Beyondwildestimagination.谜底A剖析词义猜测题。按照第三段内容跟画线词地点句“Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintui
13、tiveatfirst,itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.可知,虽然一开始你能够会感到这条倡议违犯常理,但一旦你清楚掉眠的缘故就会感到它(这条倡议)契合道理。由此可推知,画线词跟makesense应表白相反的意思。因而“counterintuitive意为“(方法、发起等)违犯常理的,跟“contrarytocommonbelief意思邻近。应选A。4.WhatdoesPerlisadviseforasleeplessnightA.Getoutofbed.B.Remaininbed.C.Keepwideawake.
14、D.Takeanap.谜底A剖析细节了解题。按照最初一段第一句“Soifyourestrugglingtofallasleepatnight,trygettingoutofbedandusingthattimetoreadabookorwriteinajournal.可知,Perlis倡议掉眠时起床做其余的事。应选A。5.WhatstheauthorspurposeinwritingthetextA.Topromoteahealthylifestyle.B.Tointroduceanewfinding.C.Toencouragesimilarstudy.D.Todiscussthecauseo
15、fsleeplessness.谜底B剖析写感化意题。通读全文可知,文章要紧引见了一项对于掉眠的新研讨,即掉眠时最好的做法是起床做其余的事。由此可知,作者写本文的目标是向读者引见这项研讨的内容。应选B。C话题:细菌难度:Ifyouremakingresolutionsforahealthiernewyear,consideragutmakeover.Refashioningthecommunityofbacteriaandothermicrobeslivinginyourintestinaltract,collectivelyknownasthegutmicrobiome,couldbeagoo
16、dlong-terminvestmentinyourhealth.Trillionsofmicrobialcellsinhabitthehumanbody,outnumberinghumancellsby10tooneaccordingtosomeestimates,andgrowingevidencesuggeststhatthericharrayofintestinalmicrobiotahelpsusprocessnutrientsinthefoodsweeat,bolsterstheimmunesystemanddoesallsortsofoddjobsthatpromotesound
17、health.Adiminishedmicrobialecosystem,ontheotherhand,isbelievedtohaveconsequencesthatextendfarbeyondtheintestinaltract,affectingeverythingfromallergiesandinflammation,metabolicdiseaseslikediabetesandobesity,evenmentalhealthconditionslikedepressionandanxiety.Muchofthecompositionofthemicrobiomeisestabl
18、ishedearlyinlife,shapedbyforceslikeyourgeneticsandwhetheryouwerebreast-fedorbottle-fed.Microbialdiversitymaybefurtherunderminedbythetypicalhigh-calorieAmericandiet,richinsugar,meatsandprocessedfoods.Butanewstudyinmiceandpeopleaddstoevidencethatsuggestsyoucantakestepstoenrichyourgutmicrobiota.Changin
19、gyourdiettoonecontainingavarietyofplant-basedfoods,thenewresearchsuggests,maybecrucialtoachievingahealthiermicrobiome.Alteringyourmicrobiome,however,maynotbeeasy,andnobodyknowshowlongitmighttake.Thatsbecausetheecosystemalreadyestablishedinyourgutdetermineshowitabsorbsandprocessesnutrients.Soifthemic
20、robialcommunityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofcheeseburgersandpepperonipizza,forexample,itwontrespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasmorevariedmicrobiotatobeginwith.“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobialcommunitythatencountersthatfood,saidDrJef
21、freyGordon,theseniorauthorofthenewpaperanddirectoroftheCenterforGenomeScienceandSystemsBiologyattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis.“Nutritionalcomponentsofahealthydiethavetobeviewedfromtheinsideout,hesaid,“notjusttheoutsidein.Oneofthequestionsthestudysetouttoanswerwashowindividualswit
22、hdifferentdietsrespondwhentheytrytoimprovetheireatinghabits.Thescientistsharvestedgutbacteriafromhumans,transplantedthemintomicebredundersterileconditions,andthenfedthemiceeitherAmerican-styleorplant-baseddiets.Thescientiststhenanalyzedchangesinthemicesmicrobialcommunities.Ofinterest,thescientistsha
23、rvestedthegutbacteriafrompeoplewhofollowedsharplydifferentdiets.OnegroupateafairlytypicalAmericandiet,consumingabout3,000caloriesaday,highinanimalproteinswithfewfruitsandvegetables.Someoftheirfavoritefoodswereprocessedcheese,pepperoniandlunchmeats.Theothergroupconsistedofpeoplewhoweredevoteesofcalor
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