AComparativeStudyofCulturalDifferencesinChineseandWesternTableManners初稿.doc
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1、A Comparative Study of Cultural Differences in Chinese and Western Table MannersA Thesis presented to the College of Foreign LanguagesChongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of ArtsbyZhou YiJune 2019摘 要近年来,随着国际贸易的迅猛发展,信息和
2、交通运输技术的快速提高使国与国之间的联系更加频繁,跨文化交际已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的内容。在这种大的背景下,我们必须了解不同文化下的各种差异,具备跨文化交际能力。今天,餐桌礼仪已经逐渐成为影响跨文化交际成功与否的重要因素之一。但对于各国在餐桌礼仪上的差异,人们总是无意识地会以本民族或群体的文化为标准,理解或评价另一民族或群体的文化,这往往会导致误解的发生。所以为了减少在跨文化交际当中的误解与冲突,我们就应该研究和理解深藏在餐桌礼仪背后的文化因素。关键字:餐桌礼仪;差异;文化;原因AbstractRecent years, with the rapid development of inte
3、rnational trade, the fast improvement of information and transportation technology, the contact between countries is more frequent. Intercultural communication has become an indispensable element in peoples lives. Therefore, we must know the differences between different cultures to have the ability
4、 of cross-culture communication.Nowadays, it has already been one of the most important elements that have a great influence on intercultural communication. However, when understanding and evaluating the culture of another nation, people always treat their own culture as the standard. Thus, in order
5、 to reduce the misunderstandings and conflicts in cross-cultural communication, we should carefully study and understand the cultural factors through table manners.Key words: table manners; differences; culture; reasonsOutlineTitle: A Comparative Study of Cultural Differences in Chinese and Western
6、Table MannersThesis Statement: Chinese and western table manners differ in tableware, arrival of time, atmosphere, seat arrangement and topic.1. The background to research the differences between Chinese and Western table manners.2. Differences in dining etiquette2.1 Differences in tableware 2.2 Dif
7、ferences in arrival of time2.3 Differences in atmosphere on table2.4 Differences in seating arrangement 2.5 Differences in the topic on table3. The causes of different dining custom3.1 The different origins of Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette3.2 The Impact of the Western Culture and Chine
8、se Culture on Etiquette3.3 The Impact of Different Hierarchism of People Status on Etiquette3.4 The differences in religious faith4. ConclusionBibliography1. The background to research the differences between Chinese and Western table manners.In the 21st century, intercultural communication has beco
9、me an indispensable content in peoples life. Due to the regional differences, different nationalities and states have formed different cultures. Cooking culture and table manners play a significant role of nonverbal culture in cross-cultural communication. Since the natural environment and the way p
10、eople work are distinct, Chinese and western etiquette differs in many aspects. Chinas cooking culture, with a long history, is of extensive knowledge and profound scholarship. According to historical records, at least in the Zhou Dynasty, eating etiquette has formed a very comprehensive system. The
11、se rituals are getting more and more perfect, which played an important role in ancient time, and still have a influence on modern society. Western table manners originated in Merovingian France. In the 20th century, with the Italian culture getting into France, not only did table manners and menu e
12、xpressions become more elegant and delicate, but also books teaching etiquette appeared in succession. Today, table etiquette is still spreading in European countries. For foreign language learners, it is quite useful to know the differences and origin of Chinese and western food culture. We can not
13、 only increase the understanding of the target language culture, but improve the success rate of intercultural communication, which can help to avoid misunderstandings and communication barriers because of inappropriate behavior.2. Differences in dining etiquette2.1 Differences in tableware In China
14、, people use chopsticks. As everyone knows, chopsticks are the most significant tableware for Chinese. And there are also some rules to abide by when using it. For example, before dinner, chopsticks must be put on the right of rice bowl tidily. While after the meal, it should be placed in the middle
15、 of rice bowl. Whether there are remnants on chopsticks or not, please do not lick. It is polite to put down your chopsticks when talking with other people. And when take food for others, use public chopsticks. But sometimes the Chinese host uses their own chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plat
16、e, which is a sign of politeness. In the west, people use knives and forks. When eating western-style food, a knife should be held in the right hand and a fork should be held in left hand. Whats more, the different ways knives and forks place have different meanings. For example, if you have not yet
17、 finished the meal, and you have to leave for a while, you can put the knife and fork separately as a triangle. Then the service person will not receive your plate. If you have already finished the meal, you should parallel the knife and fork.Chinese use chopsticks, while westerners use knives and f
18、orks. From most peoples point of view, chopsticks and knife and fork just differ in their structure. However, they also represent the difference between both collectivism and individualism. Westerners use knives and forks to cut food and separate it, which represents individualism. The Chinese use c
19、hopsticks to grasp the entire food, which means unity and collectivism.2.2 Differences in arrival of timeWhen it comes to time concepts, the westerners and Chinese have different views. Time and money is always connected together by westerners. As a saying goes, time is money, which has become deepl
20、y ingrained in their mind. Therefore, they value their time a lot, they carefully plan and manage their time. They are often filled with a sense of urgency of time. They have a good hobby that they go to party on time. If they have to go somewhere to have dinner with others, they must arrive on time
21、. Usually, when they want to go to someones home for dinner, they always get at five minutes earlier. It isnt very polite for you to get much earlier, maybe the hostess is busy doing preparation and so it is not suitable for you to reach at that time. But in China, we dont pay much attention on the
22、time. We dont have certain standards about arrival time. To arrive earlier, on time or a little late are all allowed.2.3 Differences in atmosphere on tableThe fundamental difference of Chinese and western table manners reflects on the Mensal atmosphere. Chinese people regard the moment enjoying the
23、delicious food as the happiest time in their life. On the table, Chinese are very enthusiastic. While having dinner, Chinese always like sitting around the table together to eat and drink, speak and laugh loudly to build liveliness and warmth table atmosphere. Only in this way can represent hosts en
24、thusiasm and sincerity. The lively atmosphere on the table reflects the joy of guests as well.Different from the Chinese table manners, western countries do not like the noisy ambiance. They advocate freedom and consider that it is very rude and impolite to have dinner with noise, and quiet dinning
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