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1、 过去完成时讲解过去完成时讲解 现在完成时讲解现在完成时讲解现在完成时讲解篇(1):现在完成时讲解课件英语现在完成时:一、现在完成时的构成 (一)肯定式主语+助动词 have/has+过去分词+其它说明:这里的 have/has 是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用 has,其余人称一律用 have。has,have 的缩略式分别为s或ve。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例:1)Ive just copied all the new words.我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了)2)She has lost her b
2、ooks.她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)(如果用过去时:She lost her books.则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到)3)Weve just cleaned the classroom.我们刚好打扫了教室。(表明现在教室是干净的)(二)否定式主语+助动词 have/has+not+过去分词+其它说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词 have/has 后面加 not 就行。have not,has not 的缩略式分别为 havent,hasnt。另外,肯定句中有 some,already 时,改为否定时要分别改成 any,yet。实例:1)I ha
3、vent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。2)She hasnt travelled on a train.她没有坐火车旅行过。3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说过话。注:有时 not 可以用 never 代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如:第 1页 共 9页 4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。(三)一般疑问式助动词 Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它说明:把陈述句中的 have 或 has 放到句首,句末打问号,同时把句中的some,a
4、lready 改为 any,ye t 就构成了一般疑问句。肯定回答用“Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答用“No,主语+havent/hasnt.”有时也可以用“No,not yet./No,never./No,not even once.”等。实例:1)Have you ever made dumplings 你曾经做过饺子吗Yes,I have.是的,我做过。2)Has she ever been abroad 她曾经出过国吗No,never.不,从来没有。3)Have they found the lost books yet 他们已经找到了丢失的书吗Yes,they have.是
5、的,他们找到了。注意:当句中有否定词 not,hardly(几乎不),never 的时候,在改为反意疑问句时,附加部分用肯定形式。例如:You have never come to ourschool,have you 你以前从来没有来过我们学校,是吗英语现在完成时:二、现在完成时的用法 (一)现在完成时的用法 1:表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。此时,常与时间副词 already(已经),yet(还、已经),just(刚刚、仅仅),ever(曾经),never(从不),before(以前)等连用。这几个副词的用法如下:1.already 意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中
6、,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例:1)Ive already read this book.我已经读过这本书了。(“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。)2)Ive washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。(洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。)第 2页 共 9页注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already 也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:3)Have you met him already 你(真的)已经见过他了 2.yet 用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中意为“还”,常放在句末。实例:1)
7、Has he found his watch yet 他已经找到他的手表了吗No,not yet.不,还没有。2)The woman hasnt found her dog yet.那位妇女还没有找到她的狗。(没找到狗,心里着急,这就是对现在的影响)3.just 意为“刚刚”,表示行为刚刚过去,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。4.ever 意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:1)Have you ever been to Hong Kong 你曾去过香港吗 2)I havent
8、 ever spoken to her.我未曾和她说过话。5.never 意为“从来没有”常与 before 连用(before 要放在句尾,而never 多放在助动词与过去分词之间。实例:I have never travelled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。6.before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。实例:1)Have you been to Hainan before 你以前去过海南吗 2)I havent eaten Guangdong food before.我以前没吃过广东菜。(二)现在完成时用法二 2持续
9、性用法(肯定句,疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词):表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。此时常与“for+一段时间或“since+过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及 so第 3页 共 9页far(到目前为止)等时间状语连用。for+段时间 since+点时间实例:1)Ive lived here since 1990.自从 1990 年以来我就住在这里。=Ive lived here since 13 years ago.=Ive lived here for 13 years.=It is 13 years since I began to live here.2)I have
10、nt seen him for three years.我三年没有看见他了。=I havent seen him since three years ago =I havent seen him since 2022.=It is 3 years since I saw him last time.3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city.自从到这个城市以来,王先生一直在这家工厂工作。4)Shes been at this school since five years ago.自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。注意
11、:在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。短暂性动词由于动作不能持续,故不能与 for(达到;累计)或 since(自从。到现在)引出的时间状语连用。对 for 和 since 引导的时间状语提问要用 How long 1)他入团两年了。误:He has joined the League for two years.正:He has been a League member for two years.2)我买这辆自行车三年了。误:I have bought this bike for three years.正:I have had this bike for three y
12、ears.2)部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词:短暂性动词 延续性动词第 4页 共 9页die be deadborrow keepbuy/catch haveget up be upcome be infinish be overleaver be awayopen be openclose be closedbegin be onbecome interested in be interested in有人可能会问:一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的动作都发生在过去,那么这两种时态有什么区别呢答:一般过去时与具体的表示过去时间状语如:yesterday 连用;强调动作在过去发生,与现在无关。
13、现在完成时与自已的特征词连用,强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作。例:He saw the film last night.(过去时,表示他昨晚看过那部电影了,现在不知还要不要再看一次)He has(ever)seen the film before.(现在完成时,表时他已看过那部电影,现在不想再看了)英语现在完成时巩固练习 I.按要求转换下列各句,每空一词。1、He has already finished his homework.(改为否定句)He _ finished his homework _.2.They have found the lost bo
14、oks already.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)_ they _ the lost books _No,they_.第 5页 共 9页 3.Julia has not got home from school yet.(改为肯定句)Julia _ _ _ home from school.4.You have never been to Shanghai before,_ _(改为反意疑问句)5.Hes gone to Beijing,_ _(改为反意疑问句)6.Mr Wang began to teach English in this school in 1999.(改为同义句)M
15、r Wang _ _ English in this school since 1999.7.He hasnt left home for 3 days.(同义句)He _ _ _ home for 3 days.8.They have lived here since 3 years ago.(对划线提问)II.选择正确答案。()1.Who is Mary_I saw you talking with her at the meeting.A.Dont you meet her yet B.Didnt you met her yet C.Havent you met her yet D.Ha
16、dnt you met her yet ()2.How do you like Beijing,Mr BlackOh,I _ such a beautiful city.A.dont visit B.didnt visit C.havent visited D.hadnt visited ()3.The old people _ lonely at all since we began to visitthem once a week.A.dont feel B.hasnt felt第 6页 共 9页 C.havent felt D.didnt feel ()4.We have lived h
17、ere _ five years ago.A.when B.since C.before D.after现在完成时讲解篇(2):完成时态讲解课文将来完成时是用在表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与 before+将来时间或 by+将来时间连用,也可与 before 或 by thetime 短语引导的现在时的从句连用。结构:“will have+过去分词”。如:将来完成时:He will have solved the problem.将来完成时的被动语态:The problem will have been solved by him.二、将来完成的用法 1.表示“将来完成
18、”即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。如:When we get there,shell have gone to work.我们到那里时她会已上班去了。I e 某 pect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow.我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。2.表示“持续”即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。如:We will have been married a year on June 25th.到 6 月 25 日我们俩结婚就满 1 年了。By this time ne 某 t week,I will have b
19、een working for thiscompany for 24 years.到下星期此刻,我就已经为该公司干了 24 年了。第 7页 共 9页 3.表示“推测即表示根据某情况作出的推测。如:That will have been Roland.He said hed be back at 7.准是罗兰。他说他 7 点钟回来。There will have been a definite result before Friday.星期五以前肯定会有结果。三、将来完成通常搭配的状语 1.用作状语的介词短语 There will have been a definite result befo
20、re Friday.星期五以前将肯定会有结果。By ne 某 t Christmas well have been here for eight years.到下一个圣诞节,我们在这儿就住了整 8 年了。By now you will have guessed that Im back in Ireland.你现在应该已经猜出我回到了爱尔兰了。By the end of ne 某 t week,I will have been a teacher for 25years.到下周末,我当老师就有 25 年了。Wed better wait till 14 December.David will
21、have had his e 某am by then,so hell be able to enjoy himself.我们最好还是等到 12 月 14 日。到那时大卫就考完试了,这样他就能够玩得痛快。2.用作状语的从句If I dont run,the train will have left.如果我不跑,火车就会开走了。If he turns it down,he will have lost the moral high ground tothe president.如果他拒绝的话,就会把精神上的优势输给总裁。If you finish this job as well,you will have done far more than第 8页 共 9页I e 某 pected.假如你将这项工作干完的话,那你会干得比我预料的要多了。If there was any scandal in that company,you can be sure thatBobby will have clocked it.那家公司有任何丑闻,博比肯定会知道。完成时态讲解课文第 9页 共页 9
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