2012年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案.pdf
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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!英语(一)试题.1.(共 14 页)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomean importantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot1itslegit
2、imacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw2justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat3thecourtsreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourtsdecisionswillbe4as impartialjudgment
3、s.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot5by an ethicscode.At theveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself6tothecodeof conductthat 7totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothersimilarcases 8thequestionof whetherthereisstilla9betweenthecourtandpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw10 havingauthori
4、tyapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions11 theywouldbe freeto 12 thoseinpowerandhaveno needto 13 politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedto setlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely14.Constitutionallawis politicalbecauseit resultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial15li
5、kelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit 16isinescapablypoliticalwhichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily17 asunjust.Thejusticesmust18doubtsaboutthecourtslegitimacyby makingthemselves19 tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparat
6、efrompoliticsand,20,convincingaslaw.2012年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!英语(一)试题.2.(共 14 页)1.AemphasizeBmaintain CmodifyDrecognize2.AwhenBlestCbeforeDunless3.ArestoredBweakened CestablishedDeliminated4.AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfo
7、unded6.AresistantBsubject CimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrier CsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthrough Dtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovided Dthough12.AserveBsatisfy CupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpress CcultivateDoffer14.AguardedBfollowed Cstudied Dtied15.Aconcep
8、tsBtheories CdivisionsDconventions16.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrols17.AdismissedBreleased CrankedDdistorted18.AsuppressBexploit Caddress Dignore19.AaccessibleBamiable CagreeableDaccountable20.Aby allmeansBatallcosts Cina wordDasa resultSectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowing
9、fourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!英语(一)试题.3.(共 14 页)Text1ComeonEverybodysdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostof us thinkof whenwe hearthewordspeerpressure
10、.Itusuallyleadstono gooddrinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobe apositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerof groupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.Rosenberg,there
11、cipientof aPulitzerPrize,offersahostof examplesof thesocialcurein action:In SouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownas loveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.Theideaseemspro
12、mising,andRosenbergisa perceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueof thelamenessof manypublic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,and theydemonstratea seriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.“Daretobe different,pleasedontsmoke!”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmoking
13、amongteenagersteenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakea pagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.Buton thegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnote
14、noughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressureso powerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasitspresentedhereisthatitdoesntworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheloveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.Theresno doubtt
15、hatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceon ourbehavior.An emergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabitsaswellasnegativeonesspreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisa subtleformofpeerpressure:we unconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorwe seeeveryday.Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessful
16、lyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.Itsliketheteacherwhobreaksup thetroublemakersinthebackrowby pairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthatstheproblemwitha socialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:intherealworld,asinschool,
17、we insiston choosingourownfriends.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!英语(一)试题.5.(共 14 页)Text2Adealisa dealexcept,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNew England,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitanno
18、unceditwasrenegingon a longstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestatesstrictnuclearregulations.Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnot:challengetheconstitutionalityof Vermontsrulesinthefederalcourt,as partof adesperateeffortto keepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.Itsastunn
19、ingmove.Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermontsonlynuclearpowerplant,an agingreactorinVernon.As aconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewenta stepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionof
20、 theplantslicensebe subjectto theVermontlegislaturesapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtoliveby thosecommitments,oritsimplydidntforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringof accidents,includingthepartialcollapseofa coolingtowerin2007andthediscoveryofan undergroundpipesystem
21、leakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankeessafetyandEntergysmanagementespeciallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.Enragedby Entergysbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26 to 4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.Now thecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecause
22、ofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesin thecaseareobscure:whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdo havesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewilloffera precedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.C
23、ertainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.ThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadyso damagedthatithasnothinglefttoloseby goingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldb
24、e consequences.Permissiontoruna nuclearplantisa publictrust.Entergyruns11 otherreactorsin theUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.Pledgingto runPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissionto keepitopenforanother20 years.Butas theNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewstheco
25、mpanysapplication,itshouldkeepinmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!英语(一)试题.6.(共 14 页)26.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3,Para.1)isclosestinmeaningtoAcondemning.Breaffirming.Cdishonoring.Dsecuring.27.By enteringintothe2002agreement,EntergyintendedtoAobtainpr
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