sustainable agriculture and food security.doc
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_05.gif)
《sustainable agriculture and food security.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《sustainable agriculture and food security.doc(37页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITYDEVELOPING A REGIONAL PEOPLES AGENDA FOR THE UN WSSDPROCEEDINGSA workshop organized by the Integrated Rural Development Foundation of the Philippines IRDF, in coordination with PAN Indonesia, Community IPM, FIELD, FSPI, CINDELARAS and Bina Desa. T
2、he workshop was held on the occasion of the Fourth Preparatory Meeting of the UN World Summit on Sustainable Development in Bali, Indonesia, June 1-2, 2002.Grand Hyatt, Bali, IndonesiaJune 1 & 2, 200WORKSHOP ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITYDEVELOPING A REGIONAL PEOPLES AGENDA FOR THE UN
3、WSSDINTRODUCTIONAll roads now lead to Johannesburg. After the Doha WTO Ministerial Meeting, where civil societys voice was forcefully drowned using the post-September 11 security scare as well as the tight mechanics imposed by the WTO secretariat itself to NGO representation, the World Summit on Sus
4、tainable Development in Johannesburg in September 2002 offers civil society an opportunity to regain the momentum of its challenge to global issues that have continued to breed food insecurity, poverty and underdevelopment of nations. The WSSD is tasked by the UN General Assembly to review progress
5、in the implementation of the agenda drawn up in the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED). The review is a global inter-governmental process that involves three official preparatory meetings as well as convening of independent regional roundtables of leaders from the
6、private sector. The avowed intention is to draw up the main issues for the Summit from the preparatory meetings and thus encourage the participation of all segments of society and regions of the world. Official assessments by national governments including their mandated councils for sustainable dev
7、elopment as well as by inter-governmental bodies at the regional level have already begun. However, the gap in terms of drawing up a broader perspective in the review process taking into account the varied viewpoints of civil society groups, sectoral organizations, peoples organizations and the soci
8、al movements based on their practical experience still exist. Considering that these groups have campaigned strongly on global and national issues that have affected the lives and livelihoods of peoples around the world, there is a great need to have their voices included in the review process. Whil
9、e the WSSD indeed is an inter-governmental process, the success of the summit would be determined largely by how it is able to reflect fully the realities and emerging challenges in an era where globalization has increasingly undermined the goals of sustainable development. The challenge of charting
10、 new visions and strengthening commitments and partnerships at the end of this summit may well be achieved if governments and the international institutions would listen more to their people and constituents. Civil society must be empowered to influence and maybe co-direct these processes. Globaliza
11、tion And The Threat To Agriculture, Food Security And The EnvironmentA major concern in the review is the land and agriculture cluster of the Agenda 21, which embodies the goals of sustainable agriculture and rural development. The importance of this cluster is highlighted by the fact that agricultu
12、re remains to be the pillar of most developing economies. The agriculture sector represents a large share of these countries Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employs more than half of their labor force. More basically, agriculture in developing countries supplies the bulk of their staple food and pr
13、ovides subsistence and income for large rural populations. Finally, agriculture uses one third of the worlds land surface and hence agricultural practices have a telling impact on the state of the worlds natural resources and biodiversity. The rapid increases in global trade and investments in the p
14、ast decade made possible by the integration of national economies into the international market under the economic governance of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the international financial institutions such as the IMF and WB, have had profound impacts on agricultures capacity to create liveli
15、hood and employment for millions of poor people, produce food sufficiently at the global level and regenerate and conserve important ecosystems. Trade liberalization and global economic expansion are seen to have seriously undermined the sustainability of agriculture as the intertwined problems of f
16、ood insecurity, poverty and land degradation have persisted and even intensified in the last decade.Under the GATT-WTO Agreement on Agriculture signed by more than a hundred nations in 1994, the agriculture and rural economies of developing countries were increasingly subjected to international rule
17、s that aim to eliminate trade barriers, accelerate trade liberalization and thus achieve a “fairer and market-oriented agricultural trading system. Stripped of these rhetorics, however, the AOA is nothing but a set of lopsided trading rules and disciplines aimed at opening markets for surplus agricu
18、ltural products from the more developed and advanced economies of the world. It allows the developed world to maintain high levels of subsidies for its agriculture while preventing the developing world to establish its own effective program of support to agriculture and its small farmers. Through ma
19、nipulations of the trade agreements and other unfair trade practices by developed countries such as the unnecessary imposition of strict health and safety regulations, WTO, in effect, only succeeded in increasing market access for heavily subsidized products of these countries while restricted acces
20、s to markets of exports from developing countries.The AOA implementation experience of many developing countries in the past seven years showed that the projected benefits in terms of increased agricultural export earnings, improved agricultural growth and increased employment rates did not material
21、ize. Instead, many developing countries have experienced surge in imports while their agricultural exports lagged behind transforming them in a short period of time from agricultural exporters to net food importers. The balance of payments situation of their economies evidently has worsened. The cap
22、acity of their agriculture and leading crop sectors to ensure food security, generate employment and reduce poverty has been seriously eroded by the influx of cheap and heavily subsidized imports that eroded the competitiveness of domestic crops. Far from being curbed, the practice of dumping of hea
23、vily subsidized products from the North has actually been legitimized. The unhampered flow of trade in agriculture in developing countries, far from alleviating poverty, pushed the poor subsistence peasants deeper into bankruptcy and penury. There has, in fact, been a general trend towards the conce
24、ntration of farms, as lands were mortgaged, sold back or grabbed by landlords and agribusiness companies. The WTOs trade rules in effect have contributed to the rapid growth of transnational corporations (TNCs) whose operations and control of the global food system have expanded over the last ten ye
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- sustainable agriculture and food security
![提示](https://www.deliwenku.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
限制150内