英文时态:完成时态.ppt
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1、英文时态(三):完成时态 完成完成动作:作:1、现在完成(在完成(havehas done)2、过去完成(去完成(had done)3、将来完成(、将来完成(will have done)完成完成时态概述:概述:形式:形式:have done意意义:完成:完成时态表示的是在某一特定表示的是在某一特定时刻刻(现在、在、过去或将来)之前开始去或将来)之前开始发生的并持生的并持续到到这一特定一特定时刻或刻或对这一特定一特定时刻有影响刻有影响的一个活的一个活动。现在完成在完成时:在在现在之前(即在之前(即过去)开始去)开始发生并持生并持续到到现在或在或对现在有影响的在有影响的动作。作。I have l
2、earned 2000 words so far.过去完成去完成时:在在过去之前(即去之前(即过去的去的过去)开始去)开始发生的并持生的并持续到到过去或去或对过去有影响的去有影响的动作。作。I had learned 1000 words by the end of last year.将来完成将来完成时:在将来之前(可能是在将来之前(可能是过去、去、现在或将来)开始在或将来)开始发生生的并持的并持续的将来或的将来或对将来有影响的将来有影响的动作。作。I will have learned 3000 words by the end of next year.一、现在完成在完成时态(haveh
3、as done)用法:用法:1)动作作发生在生在过去,一直延去,一直延续到到现在,在,对 目前有影响。目前有影响。(延(延续性性动词的的“已完成已完成”或或“未完成未完成”用法)用法)2)动作作发生在生在过去去,点已点已经完成,并与完成,并与现在的情况在的情况有有联系。系。(瞬(瞬间性性动词的的“已完成已完成”用法)用法)说明:明:“已完成已完成”用法表示用法表示动作已作已结束,而束,而“未完成未完成”用法用法则表示表示动作有可能作有可能继续延延续下去。下去。1)我曾)我曾经在某个地方在某个地方见过她。她。2)到目前)到目前为止止,该桥尙未竣工。未竣工。3)她)她刚刚买了一部新自行了一部新自行
4、车。4)我)我们已已经在在这里生活了十年。里生活了十年。5)我学)我学习英英语的的时间长达达25年了。年了。6)自)自1997年以来,我就没年以来,我就没见过她了。她了。I have ever seen her somewhere.2 So far,the bridge hasnt been completed.2 She has just bought a new bike.2We have already lived here for ten years.1 Ive studied English for twenty-five years.1 I havent seen her sinc
5、e the year of 1997.21、现在完成在完成时态用法(一):延用法(一):延续到到现在的在的动作或状作或状态 开始于开始于过去的去的动作一直持作一直持续到到现在在。谓语动词一般一般为延延续性性动词。An old woman walked out into the middle of the street.The policeman yelled to her,“Dont you know what it means when I hold up my hand?”The lady said,“Sure I do.I have been a school teacher for 2
6、8 years now.”I have lived here for 3 years.The teacher has taught in this school since I came here.Ive worked in this company since I left school.Since time began,man has lived in fear of fire.或者,由上下文明确告知,开始于或者,由上下文明确告知,开始于过去的去的动作只持作只持续到到说话时刻刻为止即已止即已结束。例如:束。例如:A:Have you waited long?B:Ive waited for
7、 three hours.Ive waited for him all day;I dont want to wait any longer.这种种现在完成在完成时的特点:的特点:1)谓语动词一般一般为延延续性性动词。2)动作作发生的生的时间是是过去,但去,但这一一动作持作持续到到现在。在。3)与)与这种用法的种用法的现在完成在完成时态连用的用的时间状状语通常是通常是表示表示“一段一段时间”的的时间状状语,以,以说明某个明某个动作或状作或状态持持续了多久。了多久。与此种用法的与此种用法的现在完成在完成时态搭配的搭配的时间状状语:since时间点点Ive worked in this compa
8、ny since 1980.Ive worked in this company since I left school.注意不能注意不能说:since three years,而要,而要说since three years ago。for时间段段Ive worked in this company for three years.Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.since的四种用法的四种用法 1)since+过去一个去一个时间点点(如具体的年、月、日期、如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、点、1980,
9、last month,half past six)。I have been here since 1989.2)since+一段一段时间+agoI have been here since five months ago.3)since+从句从句Great changes have taken place since you left.Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.4)It is+一段一段时间+since从句从句It is two years since I became a post graduate studen
10、t.“到目前到目前为止止”:until now,up until now,up to now,up till now,so far等等。例如:。例如:We have up until now failed to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations.“在最近几世在最近几世纪年月以来年月以来”:in the past few years,over the past few years,during the last three months,f
11、or the last few centuries,through centuries,throughout history等。等。例如:例如:Throughout history man has had to accept the fact that all living things must die,for the very nature of life includes death.Through centuries the bizarre antics of sleepwalkers have puzzled police,perplexed scientists and fasci
12、nated writers.2、现在完成在完成时态用法(二):用法(二):过去去发生但与生但与现在仍有在仍有联系系的的动作或状作或状态 表示在不确定的表示在不确定的过去去发生的某一生的某一动作与作与现在的情况有在的情况有联系。系。谓语动词一般一般为短短暂性性动词。He has broken his leg.He broke his leg.A modern girl went to the theatre with a vest and a pair of slippers.The ticket-examiner turned her away very politely:“Miss,NO A
13、DMISSION WITH SLIPPERS.”“Really?”the girl took off the slippers and carried them in her hands,“Then I will go in barefootedly.”“Oh,my god!”the ticket-examiner cried out,“Fortunately,I have not told her NO ADMISSION WITH A VEST.”A:What has happened to Jane?She is crying.B:She broke the dining-room wi
14、ndow.She has to face the music when her father gets home.Mr.Odds works in a bank and lives on his own.The only family he has is in the next town:his sister lives there with her husband,and her son,Mark.Last week Mr.Odds had a surprise.He drove home from the bank at the usual time,driving neither too
15、 slowly nor too fast;he parked his car where he always parked it,out of the way of other cars,and he went inside to make his evening meal.Straight away,there was a knock at the door.Mr.Odds opened the door,to find a policeman standing on the doorstep.“What have I done wrong?”Mr.Odds asked himself.“H
16、ave I driven on the wrong side of the road?Has there been some trouble at the bank?Have I forgotten to pay an important bill?”“Hello,Uncle,”said the policeman,“My names Mark.”You should have put the milk into icebox;I expect it undrinkable by now.Abecame Bhad become Chas become Dbecomes 第二种第二种现在完成在完
17、成时态使用技巧使用技巧1)、这种完成种完成时态的肯定句不与的肯定句不与“一段一段时间”的的时间状状语连用用常常见的的这类动词有:有:come,go,leave,kill,die,lose,buy,start,give,marry,join,bring,hear,etc.),因此与它),因此与它连用的用的时间状状语不能是指不能是指“一段一段时间”。I have heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.()I have bought this pair of shoes for a year()He has left his hometow
18、n for 3 years.()这种种错误句子的改正有多种方式:句子的改正有多种方式:He left his hometown 3 years ago.Its 3 years since he left his hometown.He hasnt come back since he left his hometown 3 years ago.He has been away from his hometown for 3 years.不不过,瞬,瞬间动词的完成的完成时态若用否定式,表示尚未若用否定式,表示尚未发生的事情,生的事情,则可作可作为一种状一种状态,从而可以表示延,从而可以表示延续。
19、Beggar:Madam,I havent seen a piece of meat for weeks.Lady:Mary,please show this poor man the ham we bought just now.I havent seen a film for weeks.I havent heard from my girlfriend since I came to America.I havent bought a pair of shoes for a year.2).与不确定与不确定时间的的时间状状语连用用 这种种现在完成在完成时态可以不与任何可以不与任何时间状状
20、语连用,也可用,也可以同一些表示不确定的以同一些表示不确定的时间状状语连用,如:用,如:already(已已经),yet(只用在疑只用在疑问句或否定句中句或否定句中),lately(最近最近),often,just(刚刚,方才,方才),never(从不,从未从不,从未发生生过)等。等。例如:例如:A:Would you like something to eat?B:No,thanks.Ive just had dinner.The leading expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker.Ha
21、s it stopped raining yet?He hasnt arrived yet.He has already arrived.I have often thought that it would be perfect if we could fly without any aid.3).具有具有“新新闻”性性质The President has been assassinated.He cant go on holiday because he has broken his leg.请认真体会下面真体会下面对话:A:Have you seen the film“Forrest Gu
22、mp”?B:Yes,I have.A:When did you see it?B:I saw it last spring.A:Did you see it alone?B:No,I saw it with my boyfriend.A:The President has been assassinated.B:Really?When did that happen?A:He was killed last night when he spoke in crowd.A:I hear that famous Chinese comedian has died.B:Really?When did
23、she die?A:She was dead late last night.A:Has the boss come yet?B:Yes,he has.He is in his office now.A:When did he come?B:He came at 9 oclock.He asked about you.3、其他使用、其他使用现在完成在完成时的的结构构ThisThatIt is+序数序数词+名名词+that+现在完成在完成时It is the third time that Ive come to Beijing.It is the fifth time that someone
24、 has knocked at my door.This is the tenth cup of coffee that Ive drunk this evening.How are you going to be able to fall asleep later if you keep on like this?ThisThatIt is+最高最高级或或only修修饰名名词+现在完成在完成时This is the most interesting movie that Ive ever seen.This is the best wine I have ever drunk.It is t
25、he worst book I have ever read.This is the hardest job I have ever had.This is the only book he has written.4、现在完成在完成时与一般与一般过去去时比比较 现在完成在完成时的第二种用法。此的第二种用法。此时完成完成时表示的也是表示的也是过去的去的动作或情况,只是当我作或情况,只是当我们强调过去的事情去的事情对现在仍有意在仍有意义或或仍有重要影响仍有重要影响时才用才用现在完成在完成时。He cant go on holiday because he has broken his leg.H
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