英美概况Unit-6---Religion-in-the-United-states教程文件.ppt
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1、英美概况Unit-6-Religion-in-the-United-statesMajor Points:American History and Religious LibertyProtestants in the United StatesCatholicsThree FaithsReligious DiversityAmerican Character of ReligionReligion LibertyAmerican history and religious liberty:Many religious groups came to America to seek religi
2、ous freedom.Several of the original Thirteen Colonies were established by English settlers who wished to practice their own religion without discrimination:Pennsylvania was established by Quakers,Maryland by Roman Catholics and the Massachusetts Bay Colony by Puritans.By the middle of the 18th centu
3、ry,many different kinds of Protestants lived in America:Lutherans from Germany;The Dutch Reformed Church in New York and New Jersey;Presbyterians from Scotland;Huguenots from France;Congregationalists(Puritans)in New England.As a result:Protestants lived side by side in harmony and they had already
4、begun to influence each other.The Great Awakening,which sought to breathe new feeling and strength into religion,cut across the lines of Protestants religious groups.The new federal government was forbidden to give any special favors to any religion or to hinder the free practice,or exercise,of reli
5、gion.The Declaration of Independence states:“all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights.”The first Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious belief of its citi
6、zens.Religious freedom and the federal government However,in some ways,the government supports all religions.Examples on page 86-87Reason:The truth is that for some purpose government ignores religion and for other purposes it treats all religion alike-as least as far as is practical.Protestants in
7、the USMany U.S.adult citizens identify themselves as Christians(76.5-78.5%)in 2001.According to the CIA,the following is the order of religious preferences in the United States in 2002:Christian:(78.5%)Protestant(51.3%)Roman Catholic(23.9%)Mormon(1.7%)other Christian(1.6%)The main Protestant groups
8、with the origins in Britain have taken on American character,including a tendency to form subgroups.There are more than 100 other protestant sects,with a combined memberships of more than 20 millions.Many of sects are hardly known to anyone else except their own members.4 large Protestants groups(31
9、.9%of American population):Baptists(浸礼会教徒)(浸礼会教徒)Methodists(卫理公会教徒卫理公会教徒)Presbyterians(长老教教徒)(长老教教徒)Episcopalians(圣公会教徒)(圣公会教徒)The Cathedral of St.John the Divine in New York City is the largest cathedral in the world Faith:EpiscopalianThe Baptists are the largest Protestant group.They believe in ad
10、ult baptism by immersion,symbolizing a mature and responsible conversion experience.Great majority Baptists have prejudice against black,so black Baptists go to different church from the white.BaptistsMethodistsThe second largest Protestants are Methodists,adherent of the groups which grew up in 18t
11、h century England following the lead of John Wesley.Most Methodists are united in the Methodist Church,which has a form of service based on that of the Church of England.Four large smaller sects:Latter Day SaintsThe Church of ChristThe United Church of ChristThe International Convention of Disciples
12、 Of ChristPlurality of religious preference by state,2001.Data is unavailable for Alaska and Hawaii.CatholicsCatholicsThe largest single religious groups is that of Roman Catholics.About 23.9%of Americans are now of the Roman Catholic faith in 2002.The majority of the Catholics are descendants of im
13、migrants from Ireland,Italy and Poland.The early Catholics were concentrated in New York and Massachusetts and it still dominates these two states.St.Patricks Cathedral is located on the east side of Fifth Avenue between 50th and 51st Streets in midtown Manhattan,in New York City.Built in a Neo-Goth
14、ic style(新哥特式)in the 19th century,St.Patricks is the largest Roman Catholic cathedral in the United States.Over three million people visit St.Patricks Cathedral each year.Prejudice against CatholicsMore often prejudice took the form of discrimination,particularly at the polls.Anti-Catholic prejudice
15、 was so strong that sometimes it broke out in mob violence.John F.Kennedys presidential election victory put to rest the Catholic religion as an issue in national politics.Catholic schools and the problemsCatholics wanted their own schools,colleges and hospitals.They believed that these institution
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