[下册]Unit One.ppt
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1、研究生英语精读教程(第三版下)中国人民大学出版社Unit OneTechnology vs.Terrorism 1.Text 3.Supplementary Reading 2.ExerciseTechnology vs.TerrorismToxin sniffers*,missile jammers*,dirty-bomb detectors*:The post-911 security blitz*is affecting more than public safety-its changing the course of scienceMenuTranslation1.toxin sni
2、ffers:毒素嗅探器2.missile jammers:导弹人为干发射机3.dirty-bomb detectors:放射性核弹探测器4.blitz n.闪电战,突袭1.marshal vt.arrange(esp.facts)in good and correct order安排;列举2.Sputnik n.苏联发射的人造地球卫星Menu1 In the race to prevent future 9/11-style attacks-or worse-Washington has marshaled*the U.S.science establishment on a scale no
3、t seen since Sputnik*.Federal investment in homeland-defense research has swallowed nearly$4 billion since 2003,and thats a mere a drop of total security spending.More important is that the accelerated spending has brought together*formerly disparate*disciplines*:Software engineers,epidemiologists*a
4、nd biologists have teamed up*to produce technologies that protect air and food against bioterrorism.1.bring together:使团结,使联合,使和解2.disparate adj.utterly different in kind本质上相异的,根本不同的3.discipline n.学科4.epidemiologist n.流行病学家5.team up:to(cause to)work together as a group(使)结成一队;(使)合作,(使)配合MenuNuclear p
5、hysicists and bio-forensics*specialists now cooperate with the best brains in behavioral science to devise ways to reduce the threat of nuclear smuggling*and suicide bombers.1.forensics n.法医学2.smuggle vt.走私MenuTranslation 2 Yet some experts argue that much of the big spending provides only an illuso
6、ry*sense of security.“A lot of it is security theater*technology designed to make you feel better,”says Bruce Schneier,author of Beyond Fear:Thinking Sensibly about Security in an Uncertain World.He points to high-tech protection poured into landmarks*,from the White House to local city halls.Menu1.
7、illusory adj.deceiving and unreal based on a false idea虚幻的,错觉的2.theater n.戏剧效果3.landmark n.标志性建筑But that he claims diverts terrorist attention to“softer”targets like subways and stadiums.But the government seems to have taken the point.Its ever-expanding homeland-security measures cover not just big
8、 targets but the nations broader vulnerabilities*as well.Here are five of the highest-risk areas,along with some of the technologies emerging over the next few years to defend them.1.vulnerable adj.(of a place or thing)weak;not well protected;easily attacked(指地点或事物)有弱点的;防守不秘的;容易受攻击的 -vulnerability n
9、.MenuTranslationAir,Water,Food Supplies 3 One of the biggest challenges in this area is to develop sensors that can sniff out attacks on everything from crops in fields to air-conditioning systems in public spaces.Menuthe Environmental Protection Agency,in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Co
10、ntrol and Prevention and the Federal Bureau of Investigation,has deployed a network of miniature toxin detectors in 30 American cities as part of a$300-million program called BioWatch.The filters collect air-borne toxins,which are sent to laboratories for analysis.TranslationMenu 4 Scientists at Law
11、rence Livemore National Laboratory have pushed this idea further with their Autonomous Pathogen*Detection System,or APDS.Inspired by the 1995 Sarin gas attack in the Tokyo subway.APDS can identify chemicals and biotoxins without requiring researchers to gather daily samplings and wait for readouts.1
12、.pathogen n.病原体MenuHooked to the ventilation system of a mall,train station or other gathering place,APDS can perform 178 separate samplings of air over a week without human intervention and relay its findings wirelessly to a central lab.Its been tested in New York City and could debut in other urba
13、n areas by 2008.TranslationMenuBorders,infrastructure5 Since 2004,some 60 million visitors to the U.S.have had their two index fingerprints recorded by an optical scanner that checks the information against a watch list in Washington。D.C.The$1.5-billion U.S.-VISIT biometrics*program has identified 1
14、,100 people trying to enter the country under false pretenses*and more than 20,000 would-be entrants with questionable backgrounds.1.biometrics n.生物计量(统计)学2.pretense n.pretext借口 MenuTranslation 6 As the archive*of visa applicants balloons*,scans of all 10 fingers will provide more fail-safe*identifi
15、cations.Systems may also employ iris*scans and voiceprints*.1.archive n.档案2.balloon vi.to swell or increase rapidly in size激增,膨胀3.fail-safe adj.safe from failure保证不会失败的;自动防止故障危害的4.iris n.(眼球的)虹膜5.voiceprint n.声纹,声印(用仪器对人的说话声所做的等高线记录,声纹因人而异,犹如指纹)MenuIn the meantime,at 100 ports and border points,a tr
16、uck-mounted scanner called VACIS(Vehicle and Cargo Inspection System),designed by Science Applications International Corporation,gives customs inspectors a tool to probe the innards*of trucks and cargo containers without prying them open.1.innards n.内部MenuVACIS uses low-energy gamma rays that penetr
17、ate even lead-lined boxes to produce grainy images in as little as six seconds.If the operator detects objects that dont match whats listed on a shipping manifest*,the container can be shunted*off for inspection.1.manifest n.a list of goods carried,esp.on a ship载货清单(尤指船载)2.shunt vt.to(cause to)go to
18、 one side,off course.(使)被搁置一侧MenuTranslation 7 Also in development are micron*-size sensors-known as“smart dust”or“motes”that can be sprinkled around pipelines,unguarded borders and utility plants to monitor intrusions or the release of biological aerosols*,chemicals or radiation.Menu1.micron n.微米2.
19、aerosol n.浮尘Building on advances in sensor telemetry*,these battery-powered computers form a net work of electronic eyes,ears and noses that can communicate with one another along a low-bandwidth frequency and beam*readings to a central server.Experts say that,depending on funding,motes*could be rea
20、dy for nationwide deployment by 2010.1.telemetry n.遥测技术2.beam vt.to send out in a certain direction向某一方向播送,发射3.mote n.a very small piece or grain(esp.of dust)微粒,尘埃TranslationMenuTransportation8 Subways,buses,trains and planesand the hubs that service themare vulnerable to threats ranging from aeroso
21、l-borne pathogens and“dirty bomb”radiation to truck bombers.Technology out of the California branch of Sandia National Laboratories connects sensors wirelessly or through fiber optics to a shoebox-size device called all Intelligent Sensing Module*,or ISM.Menu1.module n.a standard self-contained unit
22、模块,微型组件A network of ISMs at a facility linked to a command post elsewhere can offer facility managers or security agencies early warning of a threat in time to take action。The system has been in use at 30 facilities,including sports arenas,subways and airports.since 2004.As detection systems improve
23、,future versions could be installed at nuclear and chemical plants and key transit centers.TranslationMenu 9 To head off would-be bombers,so-called puffing machines,now on duty at 26 airports,can tell whether youve been suspiciously near explosives in the past week.Resembling a sleek outhouse,the$15
24、0,000 walk-through machine sends a quick blast of air over your clothing to dislodge trace explosive particles.It then collects the air and sends it to a detector that can identify eight types of nitrate-based explosivesall in seconds.1.sleek adj.highly fashionable or stylish;luxurious,elegant时髦,造型优
25、美;豪华Menu“We can find the equivalent of a milligram of aspirin in an Olympic-size swimming pool,”says Kevin Linker,a senior engineer at Sandia Labs in New Mexico.An 11-pound version known as“micro-hound”is already in development.And to head off suicide bombers,researchers have worked up a prototype o
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