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1、 思考:(一)句子的语序(二)倒装的分类(三)倒装产生的原因 英语句子的自然语序:主语在前,谓语在后(主语+谓语)。把谓语动词放在主语之前(谓语+主语),就叫倒装语序。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果把谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词或be 动词)放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。n 倒装的原因:n 引起倒装的两个原因:语法需要和修辞需要n 在语法需要时,倒装是必须的,否则会出现语法错误;在修辞需要时,倒装是任意的,目的是为了强调,否则的话,还可以还原成自然语序。请观察:The mens 110 hurdles come now.The athletes rush out.They ju
2、mp up.John runs so fast that he breaks the school record.We shall never forget the exciting moment.Now come the mens 110 hurdles.Out rush the athletes.Up they jump.So fast does John run that he breaks the school record.Never shall we forget the exciting moment.(一)完全倒装的情况:n 1.表 方 位 的 副 词here,there 或o
3、ut,in,up,down,away,off,now,then,等 标 志 词 放 在 句 首,句 子 用 完 全 倒装。E.g.1)Here comes the bus.2)Out rushed the children.3)Away went the boy.此时主语必须是名词,谓语是系动词或不及物动词;主语若是代词时,不需要倒装。e.g.Out it rushed.Here you are.注意【疑难1】He is active in personality,and he seldom stays indoors.(无助动词)He is active in personality,and
4、 seldom does he stay indoors.(把stays 改成does stay)【解 析】若 原 句 中 没 有 助 动 词,必 须 根 据 谓 语 动 词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do,does 或did。【疑难2】1)Not only children but also adults are interested in the film Harry Potter.2)We lost not only our money,but we also lost our way.【解 析】Not onlybut also 连 接 两 个 并 列 主 语 时 不可 倒 装。只 有
5、在 连 接 两 个 句 子 且 将not only 所 连 接 的句 子 提 到 句 首 时,才 可 用 倒 装,but also 后 面 的 句 子不倒装。前倒后不倒.Not only did we lose all our money,but we also lost our way.1)Not only _,he is also good at speaking it.John 不仅喜欢中文,他的中文还说得很好。2)Not only the mother but also the children _ sick(be)3)Not only_,but also he was very ha
6、ppy.他不仅来了,还很开心。does he love Chinesearedid he come【疑难3】The villagers did not realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(将until 后面的全部内容提前)【解 析】not until 提 前 时,要 用 倒 装,且 必 须
7、 将not until 后 面 的 全 部 内 容 提 前,而 不 仅 仅 是not until 这 两个词。Not until 放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。1)直到上个星期他们才找到丢了的自行车。They did not find the lost bike until last week.Not until last week did they find the lost bike.2)知道我儿子上了大学他才意识到时间的重要性。My son didnt realize the importance of time until he entered the university.Not
8、until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.【疑难4】I had hardly got to the airport when the plane took off.Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.(注意谓语动词时态)【解 析】在“hardly/scarcelywhen/no sooner”位 于 句 首 时,要 用 部 分 倒 装。no soonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen 表
9、示“一就时,主 句 用 过 去 完 成 时(倒 装),从 句 用过去时。前倒后不倒.我刚刚到家就下起了雨。I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.I had hardly/scarely got home when it began to rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.Hardly/scarely had I got home when it began to rain.【疑难5】I neither wanted to see the film nor bought
10、the ticket.Neither did I want to see the film nor did I buy the ticket.【解 析】neither nor 句 型 中 两 个 句 子 都 需 要 部 分 倒装。n 6.only 修饰的状语放在句首时,主句倒装。e.g.(1)你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。Only in this way can you learn English well.(2)只有他有时间的话他才会来。Only if he has time will he come here.(3)他被请了3次才来开会。Only after being asked thr
11、ee times did he come to the meeting.(4)Only that boy can work out the problem.只有那个男孩才能解答出这个问题。【结论】1.“only 状 语(或 状 语 从 句)”放 在 句 首时,句 子 用 部 分 倒 装。倒 装 主 句 而 不 倒 装 从句,即:“主倒从不倒”。2.only 之 后 强 调 的 不 是 状 语 而 是 主 语 部 分 时,不可倒装。3.only 后 被 强 调 的 状 语 一 般 为 副 词(如then等)、介 词 短 语(in this way)或 状 语 从 句(when 从句)。(1)It
12、 is possible to explain it only by this way.Only in this way _(2)I realized the importance of math only then.Only then _(3)He was able to get happily back to work only when the war was over in 1918.Only when the war was over in 1918 _is it possible to explain it.did I realize the importance of math.
13、was he able to get happily back to work.n 7.在“sothat”和“suchthat”表程度时,将“so adj.”和“such n.”提 到 句 首 时,句子用部分倒装。前倒后不倒.e.g.(1)So terrible was the storm that the whole roof was blown off.暴风雨如此厉害,整个屋顶都被吹掉了。(2)Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able to work out all these difficult problems.杰 克 是 如 此 聪 明
14、的 孩 子,他 能 解 答 所 有 这 些 难题。8.as/though(虽然,尽管)引导的让步状语从句,只须把表语,状语,或动词原形提到as 前。主谓不发生倒装。n Tired as he felt,he kept on working.n Child as he was,he could work out the problem.n Bad-tempered man as he is,he loves me deeply.n Much as he likes English,he is not good at it.n Try as we might,we could not bring
15、him around to accept our view.n 注意:作表语的单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。as 也可以替换成though.9.虚拟条件句中如果谓语动词含有were,should,had这三个词,可以把were,should,had 放在句首,并去掉if。1)If he had come yesterday,he would have known it.=Had he come yesterday,he would have known it.2)If I were there,I would help them.=Were I there,I would help the
16、m.3)If I should have 200,000 yuan,I would buy a good car.=Should I have 200,000 yuan,I would buy a good car.10.表示时间频率的状语位于句首时,且表示强调时,句子用倒装语序。常用的频率状语有always,usually,often,now and then,once,many a time,every day 等。Eg.1)Often did he come to my home in the past.2)Many a time have I seen her walking alon
17、e in the street.1.Little _(he care)about what others think.2.No sooner _(I had set off)than it began to rain.3.Hardly _(I had reached)the bus stop when the bus started.4.Suzy cant ride a bike;nor_(Curry).5.Only_(he can)answer the question.巩固练习:had I reachedhe cancan Currydoes he carehad I set off6.O
18、nly if you work hard _(you can make)progress in your English.7.Not only_(Sam love Chinese),but also _(he is good at)speaking it.8.Not until_(I began)to work_(I realize)how much time I had wasted.9.No matter how busy _(he is),he always comes to help us can you makeI beganhe ishe is good atdoes Sam lo
19、ve Chinesedid I realize10.So loudly _(he speak)that every people in the next room could hear him.did he speak11.(1)He has been to Beijing.So _(I).(2)Jack can not answer the question.Neither/Nor _(Tom)has Ican Tom【特别提醒】“so 主 语 助 动 词(或be 动 词)”表 示 对上 文 肯 定 的 内 容 加 以 肯 定 或 赞 同,意 为“的 确如此”;例如:Its raining hard.天下着大雨。So it is.是的。“主 语 did so”表 示:“主 语”这 样做了。例如:Tom asked me to go to play football with him and I did so.Tom 要我去踢足球,我去了。
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