2019年高考英语 专题四 第二节 三.docx
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1、三、概括词汇类三、概括词汇类(2016江苏)An Extension of the Human BrainOther people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺),much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency.To be exact,other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions.Whe
2、n another person helps us in such ways,he or she is participating in what Ive called a “social prosthetic(义肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face,and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.Its already a big bank of many min
3、ds.Even in its current state,the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet,I dont need to keep all the details for future useI know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.More generally,the Internet function
4、s as if it were my memory.This function of the Internet is particularly striking when Im writing; Im no longer comfortable writing if Im not connected to the Internet.Its become natural to check facts as I write,taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed,Wikipedia,or other websites.Regarding judgment
5、: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.For example,when Im writing a textbook,it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term,which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.But more than that,I now regularly compare my views with those of ma
6、ny others.If I have a “new idea, ” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it,or something similarand I then compare what I think with what others have thought.This certainly makes my own views clearer.Moreover,I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reason
7、able enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since Ive begun using a smartphone.I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact,watch a video,read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as w
8、aiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting)But thats the upside(好处)The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.An Extension of the Human BrainA prosth
9、etic natureThe 71.Internet can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.It 72.participates/joins in our daily events,extending our intelligence,comprehending our feelings,and expanding the range of social activities.On the Internet
10、,we could quickly and easily locate the details,and check facts,without 73.keeping them in mind. Wonderful aspects: memory and judgmentThe Internet makes us smarter over 74.all/different/various kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 75.heart/core of the mat
11、ter.The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to 76.check our claims,and to 77.judge our actions.Smartphones make it easier and more 79.convenient to check reality,watch video clips,read weibo.The 78.mixed/two sides of smartphonesSmartphones 80.reduce the possibility for new and ins
12、ightful minds,and steal away our dead time.考场思维模式第一步:读表格,填出较简单的概括性词汇题文章标题是“人类大脑的延伸” , 然后分为三个部分:假肢给我们带来的好处,网络的优点,智能手机的优点。其中第 78 题是概括词汇类,78 题根据其右表信息和文章的最后两段可知既提到了智能手机的优点也提到了其缺点,所以这是智能手机的正反两方面内容,所以使用形容词“mixed/two”,故第 78 题填 mixed/two。第二步:定位、定词、定性、定形任务型阅读表格高度概括了原文信息,为了节约时间并且提高解题的针对性,先读表格内容,然后在原文中进行定位。定位后
13、进行定词。定词后要定性(如名词、动词、形容词、副词),最后定形(如单复数、非谓语形式、大小写等)。1原文词汇类71答案 Internet解析 根据第一段第四句“Such systems do not need to operate face-to-face,and its clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems.”可知因特网可以拓宽社会义肢系统的范围,也就是说网络可以弥补我们精神和情感上的缺陷。2转换词汇类72答案 participates/joins解析
14、根据第一段最后两句“Its already a big bank of many minds.Even in its current state,the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.”可知动词短语“participate/join in”符合句意。73答案 keeping解析 根据第二段第一句“Once I look up something on the Internet,I dont need to keep all the details.”可知动词短语“keep.in mind 记住” ,在表格中放在介词 without 的
15、后面,要使用动名词 keeping 的形式。74答案 all/different/various解析 根据第三段第一句“The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.”可知原文中“matters small and large”就是“all/different/various”的事情。75答案 heart/core解析 根据第三段第二句“.which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning”可知网络能让我们找到事物的核心并理解其真正含义。故短语“the
16、core/heart of the matter”和原文中“dig into the core”语义一致。76答案 check解析 根据第三段第四句“If I have a new idea, I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it,or something similarand I then compare what I think with what others have thought.”可知当我们有了新的观点以后,我们会上网检查核对别人是否已经有了同样的观点,并对自己的行动做出
17、判断。表格中 check 与原文语义一致。79答案 convenient解析 根据第四段后两句“I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact,watch a video,read weibo.Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting) ”可知我们可以使用智能手机随时查信息,看视频,读微博,使用起来非常方便。所以使用形容词 convenient。80答
18、案 reduce解析 根据文章最后两句“The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea.Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.”(在过去那些“dead periods”时,我总会有一些灵光一现的神来之念,但是现在这些时间都被智能手机占用了。这无疑就减少了这些神来之念的可能性。)可知表格中应为“reduce th
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