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1、Grammar to infinitive(不定式)动动词词不不定定式式的的使使用用To do like that is foolish.I want to see you I am to visit youHe has lots of work to do.I study hard to improve English.The teacher ask me to answer the question.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定语定语 状语状语 宾宾补补作主语作主语To learn English is really important nowadays.To be a doctor i
2、s my dream.1 1.学习外语真的很重要。学习外语真的很重要。2.2.做一名医生是我的梦想。做一名医生是我的梦想。Subject 动词不定式和不定式短语做主语时,动词不定式和不定式短语做主语时,常用常用it做形式主语,其句型结构为:做形式主语,其句型结构为:It is+形容词或名词(或词组)形容词或名词(或词组)+不不定式短语定式短语这时的形容词常为这时的形容词常为easy,difficult,hard,good,useful,wrong,right,necessary,impossible,important 等。等。名词或词组常为名词或词组常为a fact,a great day,
3、a great thing,a pity 等。等。Tip:作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money,so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1 1.Fred 没有钱,所以他决定找一份工没有钱,所以他决定找一份工作作。2.2.他答应不告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。Object Can you give some examples?作表语作表语My task is to finish the homework.To see is to believe.1 1.我的
4、任务是去完成作业。我的任务是去完成作业。2.2.眼见为实。眼见为实。Predicative 作定语作定语Do you have anything to say?1.1.你你有有什么要说的吗什么要说的吗?2.Betty2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truthAttribute注注1:不定式做定语时,表示未做。不定式做定语时,表示未做。I have a very important meeting to attend tomorrow.注注2:动词不定式用作定语时可以放在一些动词不定式用作定语时可以放在一
5、些名词的后面。如:名词的后面。如:attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,effort,failure,intention,need and opportunity.注注3:当名词被序数词修饰时,常用不定:当名词被序数词修饰时,常用不定式作定语式作定语 作状语作状语He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.I am happy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语
6、结果状语Adverbial作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.1.1.她她叫我呆在叫我呆在这儿。这儿。2.2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr.WhiteMr.White给你们。给你们。Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.Object complement我听到他在唱流行歌曲我听到他在唱流行歌曲I heard them sing a pop song.我看到他们踢足球了我看到他们踢足球了We watched them play football.他让我擦玻璃他让我擦玻璃He made me clean the wi
7、ndow.Bare infinitive(不定式符号不定式符号to的省略的省略)A.有些动词后面的不定式有些动词后面的不定式不带不带to,“5321”如如see,watch,notice,observe(五看)(五看).make,have,let(三让)(三让)hear,listen to(二听)(二听)feel(一感)一感)主动主动省省“to”,被动被动加加“to”注意注意注意注意B介词介词but,except,表示表示“除了除了”后后接不定式作宾语时,介词前有行为动词接不定式作宾语时,介词前有行为动词do,不定式省,不定式省to。当主语部分有行为动词当主语部分有行为动词do,不定式做表语省
8、,不定式做表语省to。“前有前有do,后,后省省to”we had nothing to do but/except wait.What I want to do is find some books.注意注意 C.两个或两个以上的不定式由连词两个或两个以上的不定式由连词and,or,but,rather than 连接时,第二个连接时,第二个不定式符号不定式符号to开始,往往省略。开始,往往省略。1.Would you like to go shopping or watch films.2.I decide to work rather than play.3.She told me to
9、 listen carefully and work hard注意注意 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时,动词作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时,动词不定式常常省去不定式常常省去to 后面后面的动词,只的动词,只保留保留不定式符号不定式符号to。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车,但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车,但我叫她别用。不定式后动词的省略
10、不定式后动词的省略动词不定式还可以和动词不定式还可以和what,where,how,when,which等连接代词(副等连接代词(副词)连用,在句中做主语词)连用,在句中做主语,宾语和表宾语和表语,宾补。如:语,宾补。如:1.如何处理垃圾是个问题。如何处理垃圾是个问题。_ is a problem.2.I couldnt decide _.(买哪一个买哪一个)How to deal with the rubbishwhich one to buy疑问词疑问词+to do时态时态/语态语态主动主动被动被动一般式一般式 to doto be done进行式进行式 to be doing /完成式完
11、成式 to have doneto have been done不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态1.He is said to go to beijing.To do一般表示动作一般表示动作未做未做3.He is said to have studied abroad for 2 years.2.He is said to be studying abroad.To have done表示动表示动作已经发生作已经发生(发生在谓语(发生在谓语动词之前)动词之前)To be doing所所表示的动作表示的动作正在正在进行。进行。practise 当堂巩固当堂巩固Practise makes p
12、erfect1.Andy works hard.-so he does,he is oftenseen _after work.A.playing B.to play C.to be played D.to be playing2.Im thirsty.Would you please give me something_.A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.drinking3.-Do you plan to go to Beijing?-Yes,I plan _.A.C.so D.thatB.to4.He gave us some advice on how
13、_ English.A.improving B.improved D.improve C.to improve5.To get a good mark,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs practice C.practice is in need of D.you need a lot of practice非谓语作非谓语作状语状语时,前后两个句时,前后两个句子的子的主语主语必须必须一致一致。getyou 高考真题体验高考真题体验1.He told us whether _a picnic was still under discussion
14、.(09四川卷四川卷)B.having C.have D.had2.-can I smoke here?-sorry.we dont allow_here.(O7江苏卷江苏卷)A.people smoking B.to smokec.people smoke A.to haveD.smoking3.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _first is the library.(2010重庆卷)重庆卷)A.repaired B.being repairedB.C.repairing D.to be repaired4.Th
15、e experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve our health.(2010浙江卷浙江卷)Abeing carried out B.carrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out if5.I had great difficulty the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010上海)上海)A.find B.found C.to find D.finding6.That is the onl
16、y way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms.(2010上海卷上海卷)A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reducewe canimagine7.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(10江西卷)江西卷)A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered8.We were astonished the temple stil
17、l in its original condition.(2010辽宁卷)辽宁卷)A finding B.to find C.find D.to be found 9.Alexander tried to get his work_ in the medical circles.(2010辽宁卷辽宁卷)A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognized10.His first book next month is based on a true story.(10陕西)陕西)A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being publishedHomeworkHomeworkReview the grammar and do Relevant exercises(非谓语非谓语2)on page112 and113
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