非限定性动词---分词.docx
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1、非限定性动词-分词1分词分词-英语语法用词分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词;尤指以-ing 或-ed,-d,-t,-en 或-n 结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态,语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种,是一种非谓语动词形式。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行“,过去分词表示“被动和完成“(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。目录一.分词总介: 二.现在分词的用法: 三.过去分词的用法: 四.巩固练习编辑本段一一. .分分词词总总介介: :1、
2、分词作状语 分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随 等。 分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑 主语应与句中主语相一致。 .当现在分 词表示的动作发生在 谓语动词之前时 , 则用现在分词的完成式 ,且所表示动 作与谓语动作同时发生 , 则用现在分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用 过去 分词。 (1)现在分词 The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. (2)过去分词 Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given bett
3、er attention, the plants could grow better. 2、“while ( when, once, until, if , though 等连词)分词“结构 非限定性动词-分词2现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when, once, although, until, if 等连词。 When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about h
4、er work Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well. Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand. 3、分词作定语 分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的 名词之前,分词短语一 般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名
5、 词有主谓关系 ),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词 (即与名词是 动宾关系)。We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along
6、 the beach the next day. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries 4、分词作宾语补足语 现在分词在 see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance 等感官动词和 look at, listen to 等短语动词以及 have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send 等使役动词后面与 名词或代词构成复合宾
7、语,作 宾语补语的成分。 5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作 形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的 性质,而且主语多为物;过去分词表示主语的感受或状态,主语多为人。 编辑本段二二. .现现在在分分词词的的用用法法:1) 做表语: He was very amused. That book was rather boring. 很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语: exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling. 非限定性动词-分词32) 作定语: 上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语 , 修饰一
8、个名词: That must have been a terrifying experience. I found him a charming person. 现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词 , 相当于一个 定语从句:There are a few boys swimming in the river. There is a car waiting outside. 3) 作状语: 现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作: Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain. Opening the drawer, he t
9、ook out a box. Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door. 现在分词短语还可以表示原因 , 相当于一个原因 状语从句: Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. Being unemployed, he hasnt got much money. 现在分词短语还可以表示时间 , 相当于一个 时间状语从句 : Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Returning home, he began t
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