高考英语 定语从句复习课件 新人教(1).ppt
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1、定定语从句从句2021/8/11 星期三1 一一.定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在名词或代词后面,由关系代词或关系副词放在名词或代词后面,由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫先行词。被修饰的词叫先行词。一.定语从句的基本定义2021/8/11 星期三2The boy who is reading is Tom.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词2021/8/11 星期三3 二二.关系词的分类关系词的分类1.关
2、系代词关系代词2.2.关系副词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,常用的关系代词有:和定语,常用的关系代词有:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副关系副词在定语从句中作状语,常用的关系副词有:词有:when,where,why二.关系词的分类2021/8/11 星期三4三三.关系代词的基本用法和注意点关系代词的基本用法和注意点1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词的基本用法三.1.关系代词的基本用法关系代关系代词词 指代的先指代的先行行词词充当从句的成分充当从句的成分who人人主主语语、宾语宾
3、语whom人人宾语宾语which物物主主语语、宾语宾语that人或物人或物主主语语、宾语宾语、表、表语语whose人或物人或物定定语语2021/8/11 星期三5 who指人指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语时,可省略。The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.whom指人指人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略在定语从句中作宾语,可省略。The man(whom)I nodded to is Mr.Li.who,whom20
4、21/8/11 星期三6 which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语。作宾语时,可省略。These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder(which)he is using ismade in Japan.which2021/8/11 星期三7He is the man(that)I told you about.that 指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾指人或物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时,可省略。语。作宾语时,可省略。A plane is a machine
5、 that can fly.that2021/8/11 星期三8whose指人或物指人或物,在定语从句中作定语在定语从句中作定语。不可省略。不可省略。We live in a house whose windows face south.This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.whose2021/8/11 星期三92.关系代词的用法注意点关系代词的用法注意点(1)that和和which都可以指物,但以下都可以指物,但以下5种情况只种情况只能用能用that 不能用不能用which。当先行词
6、中有人又有物时。如:当先行词中有人又有物时。如:Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?2.关系代词用法注意点(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况2021/8/11 星期三10当先行词为不定代词当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,everything,nothing,nobody,none等时。等时。如:如:This is all that I want from the school.当先行词被当先行词被only,just,very,right,last
7、等修饰等修饰时。如:时。如:This is the very book that I am looking for these days.2021/8/11 星期三11当先行词被最高级修饰时。如:当先行词被最高级修饰时。如:The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:当先行词被序数词修饰时。如:The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.2021/8/11 星期三12(2)that和和who都可以指人,但
8、下面两种情况,多都可以指人,但下面两种情况,多用用who。(2)用who不用that的情况先行词为先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时。如:等时。如:All who heard the news were excited.先行词为先行词为those,he和和people时。如:时。如:Those who want to go please sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.2021/8/11 星期三13(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点引导的定语从句注意点who
9、se引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名引导定语从句,其后应紧跟名词,构成名词短语。词短语。whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如:如:The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。息。(3)whose引导的定语从句注意点2021/8/11 星期三14whose的先行词指物时,可用的先行词指物时,可用of which代替,但语代替,但语序不同,即序不同,即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of
10、which,或,或=of which+the+名词。如:名词。如:The novel whose title(=the title of which或或of which the title)is Red and Black is very interesting.whose引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人引导的定语从句,其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。也可以指物。2021/8/11 星期三15whose的先行词指人时,可用的先行词指人时,可用of whom代替,但代替,但语序不同,即语序不同,即whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of whom,或或=of whom+the+名词。如:名词
11、。如:The boy whose mother(=the mother of whom或或of whom the mother)is a doctor is my friend.2021/8/11 星期三16(4)关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如:的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如:Those who are against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday
12、.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致2021/8/11 星期三17The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world.that (2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress which she is wearing is new.that (1)The scientist is very famous in
13、 the world.We met her yesterday.巩固练习:巩固练习:1.用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子巩固练习1:用定语从句合并句子2021/8/11 星期三18(3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person who I have ever worked with.whom that This is the best film that I have ever seen
14、.2021/8/11 星期三191.The girl _is standing next to our teachernext to our teacher is her daughter.is her daughter.2.The girl _our teacher is talking with 2.The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.is a famous singer.3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak 3.The girl_ mother is a teach
15、er can speak English English very well.very well.4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from 4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.the library.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.who/that(who/whom/that)(who/whom/that)whosewhosewhich/thatwhich/tha
16、t(that/which)(that/which)巩固练习:巩固练习:2.用适当的关系词填空用适当的关系词填空巩固练习2:用适当的关系词填空2021/8/11 星期三20四四.介词介词+which/whom引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1.介词的选用原则:介词的选用原则:(1)根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。(2)This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.(3)This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.四.“介词+which/whom”引导的从句,1.介词选用原
17、则2021/8/11 星期三21(2)根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。I remember the day on which I joined the Party.I remember the days during which I lived there.2021/8/11 星期三222.当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能用当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词只能用whom(指人指人)或或which(指物指物),且关系代词不能省,且关系代词不能省略。略。The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.I ca
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