《第四周 学习计划.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第四周 学习计划.doc(12页珍藏版)》请在得力文库 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、.资料版权属文亮所有,任何学员只有使用权,不得以任何方式转借给他人,否则将追究法律责任. 英语第四周学习计划第一部分 词汇背诵1. literature lit()rt n. 文学;文献I love literature since I was young.从小我就热爱文学。There is now a vast literature on the subject.现在有关这个学科的文献特别多。2. garment g:m()nt n. 衣服The garment industry is growing fast.服装产业发展迅速。3. sharp :p adj. 锋利的;急剧的Cut it
2、off with a sharp knife.用一把锋利的刀割断它。This month, there is a sharp rise in oil price.这个月油价暴涨。4. declare dikle vt. 宣布,声明;宣称vi. 声明,宣布He declared he would not run for a second term as president.他声明不再竞选连任总统。5. vivid vivid adj. 生动的;鲜明的Youve got a vivid description.你做了生动的描写。6. pioneer n. 先锋;拓荒者vt&vi. 开辟;倡导;提倡
3、He was a pioneer of heart transplant operations.他是心脏移植手术的开创者。7. relevant reliv()nt adj. 相关的His writing is not relevant to the topic. 他的作文与主题不相关。8. dip dip vt&vi 蘸,浸I dipped my pen in the ink.我拿钢笔蘸了下墨水。9. regular regjul adj. 定期的;有规律的Were going to be meeting there on a regular basis.我们将定期在那里见面。10. dut
4、y dju:ti n. 职责I feel its my duty to help him.我觉得我有责任帮助他。11. canal knl n. 运河The coal is delivered by canal.煤是通过运河运输的。12. vague veig adj. 模糊的;含糊的;不明确的We saw vague shapes of sheep coming through the mist.我们看到朦朦胧胧的羊群的影子在雾中向我们走来。13. plus pls prep. 加 n. 受欢迎的或有利的附加物,有利条件3 plus 6 is 9.3加6等于9。Knowledge of Fr
5、ench or Spanish could be a plus in this job.懂法语或西班牙语是做这份工作的有利条件。14. bow bu n. 弓;鞠躬;船首vi&vt 鞠躬;弯腰He gave a deep bow.他深深地鞠了一躬。15. public pblik adj. 公众的;公立的 n. 公众;公共场所Public opinions are against the law.公共舆论反对这项新法律。16. reform rif:m n. 改革,改良;vt. 改革,革新;vi. 重组;改过The reform aims to make the tax system simp
6、ler and fairer.改革旨在使税务制度更简单更公平。17. fill fil vt. 使充满;任职vi. 被充满Laughter filled the room.屋子里充满了笑声。He is the best person to fill the vacancy.他是填补这个空缺岗位的最好人选。18. apology pldi n. 道歉;歉意I need to make an apology to him.我得向他道个歉。19. broadcast br:dk:st n. 广播节目vt& vi.播送,(无线电或电视)广播;播撒(种子)The music faded down and
7、 a special news broadcast began. 乐曲的音量减弱了,专题新闻广播开始了。20. compete kmpi:t vi 竞争;比赛He will be competing in the 100-metre race.他将参加100米比赛。21. circle s:k()l n. 循环;圆vt. 画圆圈;环绕移动vi. 盘旋,旋转;环行The flag was red, with a large white circle in the centre.那面旗子是红色的,中间有一个白色的大圆圈。22. oppose puz vt. 反对;对抗,抗争vi. 反对But th
8、ere are still people who oppose the plan.但是仍然有些人反对这项计划。23. shore : n. 海滨;支柱vt. 支撑,使稳住;用支柱撑住It was wonderful to see the shores of England again after so long at sea.长时间在海上之后,重新回到英伦海岸,真是太高兴了。We had to shore up the damaged wall.我们不得不把损坏的墙支撑起来。24. inn in n. 旅馆We lived in the Waterside Inn.我们住在水滨旅馆。25. s
9、kyscraper skaiskreip n. 摩天大楼The skyscraper towers into the clouds. 那幢摩天大楼高耸入云。26. expense ikspens n. 损失,代价;消费;开支vt. 向收取费用Hes bought a big TV at vast expense.他花了很多钱买了台大电视。27. surface s:fis n. 表面;表层;外观adj. 表面的,肤浅的vi. 浮出水面The breeze brings tiny little waves on the surface of the water.微风带来了水面的细小波浪。28.
10、swift swift adj. 快的;迅速的;They have been swift to deny these rumors.他们辟谣方面反应迅速。29. jog dg n.&vi 慢跑I got up early the next morning to jog.我次日清晨早起去慢跑了。30. vital vait()l adj. 至关重要的;生死攸关的Agriculture is vital to the economy of China. 农业对中国经济至关重要。31. analysis nlisis n. 分析Make an analysis after reading.阅读后要做
11、出分析。32. judge dd vt. 判断;审判n. 法官;裁判员Who will judge this case?谁来审这个案件?The judge sentenced her to 12 months imprisonment.法官判她一年监禁。33.faith fei n. 信仰;信念;信任;忠实Ive got great faith in her.我对她有信心。34. transparent trnspr()nt adj. 透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的We need a sheet of transparent coloured plastic.我们需要一片透明的彩色塑料。35.
12、 disturb dist:b vt&vi. 打扰;妨碍Did you sleep well? I didnt want to disturb you.你睡得好吗?我不想打扰你。36. glory lri n. 光荣,荣誉;赞颂vi. 自豪,骄傲;狂喜He earned everlasting glory to our country.他为国家赢得了荣誉。They gloried in their new freedom.他们为获得了新的自由而狂喜。37. surround sraund vt. 围绕;包围 n. 围绕物A high wall surrounds the prison.一座高墙
13、把整个监狱围了起来。38. steady stedi adj. 稳定的;不变的;沉着的Despite the steady progress of building work, the campaign against it is still going strong.尽管建筑工程稳步进行,反工运动却仍然高涨。39. sink sik vi. &vt 下沉;消沉;渗透vt. 使下沉;挖掘;使低落The ships hit a rock and sank with a loss of a hundred lives.这艘轮船触礁沉没,一百人死于非命。40. destroy distri vt.
14、破坏;消灭;毁坏Destroy the old world and build a new one. 破坏旧世界,建设新世界。41. predict pridikt vt.&vi 预报,预言He predicted that he would marry when he was 30.他预测他30岁时结婚。42. terminal t:min()l n. 末端;终点;adj. 末端的;终点的The patient is terminally ill.这个病人病入膏肓。43. compulsory kmpls()ri adj. 义务的;必修的;被强制的He believes that the s
15、tudy of history should be compulsory in school.他认为在学校里学习历史应该是强制性的。44. irrigation irigein n. 灌溉;临床 冲洗;冲洗法Irrigation is needed to make crops grow in dry regions. 干旱地区需要灌溉才能使作物生长。45. recommend rekmend vt&vi 推荐I recommended a place where I had had a holiday.我推荐了一个我度过假的地方。46. ruin ruin n. 废墟;毁坏; vt. 毁灭;使
16、破产vi. 破产;堕落;被毁灭The accident ruined her life.这次事故毁掉了她的生活。47. obvious bvis adj. 明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的The reason is obvious. He didnt want to hurt you.原因很明显,他不想伤害你。48. sympathy simpi n. 同情;慰问;赞同We expressed our sympathy for her loss.我们对她的损失表示了同情。49. emergency im:d()nsi n. 紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻 adj. 紧急的;备用的Ring the be
17、ll in an emergency.紧急情况请按铃。50. blame bleim vt. 责备;归咎于n. 责备;责任;过失Dont blame me. Its not my fault.不要责怪我。不是我的错。第二部分 语法学习时态英语中,不同时间的事,要用不同的时态表达。常用的时态有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、过去将来时。下面分别介绍各个时态所表示的时间状态:1)一般现在时,表示现在经常反复发生的事情,谓语动词用动词原形或第三人称单数(当主语是he, she, it)的形式。(注意:“现在”+“一般”)2
18、)一般过去时,表示过去经常反复发生的事情,谓语动词用v-ed的形式。(注意:“过去”+“一般”)3)一般将来时,表示将来经常反复发生的事情,谓语动词用will do的形式。(注意:“将来”+“一般”)4)现在进行时,表示现在正在发生的事情,谓语动词用am/is/are+doing的形式。(注意:“现在”+“进行”)5)过去进行时,表示过去正在发生的事情,谓语动词用was/were+doing的形式。(注意:“过去”+“进行”)6)将来进行时,表示将来正在发生的事情,谓语动词用will be doing的形式。(注意:“将来”+“进行”)7)现在完成时,表示已经发生过的事情,谓语动词用have/
19、has done的形式。(注意:“现在” +“完成”)8)过去完成时,表示过去的某个时间点之前已经发生过的事情,谓语动词用had done的形式。(注意:“过去” +“完成”)9)将来完成时,表示将来的某个时间点之前已经发生过的事情,谓语动词用will have done的形式。(注意:“将来”+“完成”)10)过去将来时,表示以过去的时间为基准的将来要发生的事情,谓语动词用would do的形式。(注意:“过去”+“将来”)下面将各种时态一一举例,请仔细理解,体会不同时态的区别和用法:1)I love books. 我爱书。 (一般现在时,表示我现在的喜好,喜欢书,不强调现在正在发生的动作,
20、而是客观陈述我的持续性的喜好。)2)I loved books. 我过去爱书。(一般过去时,表示我过去的喜好,喜欢书,不强调过去某个时刻。)3)I will love books. 我将来会爱书的。(一般将来时,表示我预测我将来的喜好,喜欢书,不强调将来某个时刻,只是说将来这个大范围的时间会喜欢书。)4)I am reading a book now. 我正在读书。(现在进行时,表示我正在读书,强调“现在”这个时间点)5)I was reading a book just now. 我刚才正在读书。(过去进行时,表示我刚才正在读书,强调“刚才(just now)”这个时间点)6)I will
21、be reading tomorrow morning. 我明天早上将会在读书。(将来进行时,表示“明天早上”这个时间对我会正在读书。)7)I have read a book.我已经读完了一本书。(现在完成时,表示我已经读完了一本书。)8)I had read a book before he came home. 在他回家之前我已经读完了一本书。(过去完成时,表示在过去的时间点(他回家)之前我已经读完了一本书。)9)I will have read a book by tomorrow morning. 到明天早上我将读完一本书。(将来完成时,表示在“明天早上”这个时间点之前,我将会读完一
22、本书。)10)I said I would read a book. 我说了我会读书的。(过去将来时,表示我过去某个时间点说我会读书,以过去的时间点做参照,讲将来发生的事情,要用过去将来时。)一般将来时除了“will+动词原形”外的几种表达:1. be going to+动词原形,强调按计划、安排、推测将要发生的事。What are you going to do next Sunday ? 下星期天你打算干什么?Look at these black clouds. Its going to rain. 看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。2. be +to+动词原形,强调按约定、职责、义务等将要发生
23、的事。We are to meet at the zoo. 我们约定在动物园见面。You are to be back by 11 oclock. 你必须11点回来。3. 用现在进行时(be+v-ing)表示将来,特别是用于go , come , leave , start , arrive , move , return , fly (乘飞机)这些表示移动的动词。I am leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。4. 用一般现在时表示将来,特别用于按时刻表、按规定将发生的事情。The trains at 6:00. 火车6点出发。The class begins at 9:00. 9点
24、开始上课。一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在;而一般过去时表示过去的事实,与现在没有关系。 I have just been to London; I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦,是上个月去的。 (前半句,我已经去过伦敦,强调我现在对伦敦的城市有所了解,或是在伦敦的事项已经办完现在不用再去办等等,用完成时表达时不单纯只想说去
25、过伦敦这个动作,而后半句则只是想说去伦敦这件事情发生在上个月。)2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语 现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always二者共同的时间状语: this morning, tonight, this April
26、, now, once, before, already, recently, lately请比较下面两组句子,体会两个时态的区别:He served in the army from 1952 to 1954. (这是过去的一件事。)He has served in the army for 5 years.(现在他仍在军中服役,他仍是个军人。)He wrote many plays when he was at college. (写剧本是他过去做的事情。)He has written many plays. (这意味着他是剧作家。)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别:过去完成时与现在完成时二者
27、用法基本相同,但现在完成时以现在的时间为基点,过去完成时则以过去的时间为基点,与现在无关,即过去的过去。I have known him for three years. 我认识他三年了。(现在还认识他)I had known him when I was a student. 我是学生时,就已经认识他了。(我当学生时,这是一个过去的时间点,在这个时间点以前已经发生的事情,用过去完成时)I have finished my experiment.我已经做完实验了。(表示现在说话时已经做完实验)By six oclock,I had finished my experiment.在六点以前,我就
28、已经做完实验了。(表示在过去的某一时间six oclock以前已经做完实验,与现在毫无关系)主句用将来时,从句用现在时(主将从现)的现象:主将从现说的是在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主从复合句中,如果主句的时态是一般将来时,那么从句要用一般现在时。例如:I will tell him about it when he comes.他来时,我会告诉他这件事。If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing.如果明天天气好,我们就出去。如果主句的时态是过去将来时,那么从句要用一般过去时。例如:He said that he would have another
29、 try if he had the chance.他说如果有机会他会再试一次。I knew he could help me if he was free the next day.我知道他明天如果有空就会帮我。“主将从现”主要有下面几种情况:1. 条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时,那么从句常常用一般现在时如:When I grow up, Ill be a nurse and look after patients.我长大后要当一名护士,照顾病人。2. 如果主句是祈使句,那么从句通常要用一般现在时如:Dont laugh at me when I make a mistake. 我犯错误的时
30、候不要笑话我。3. 如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时,根据需要从句多用一般现在时如:You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.在阅览室时应保持安静。第三部分 本周习题(答案见下周学习计划)1. By the time you arrive in London, we _ in Europe for two weeks. A. had stayed B. shall stay C. will have stayed D. have been staying 2. I _ with some friends until I find
31、 a flat. A. am living B . live C. have lived D. will have lived 3. I thought I _ the door, but it is still open. A. had closed B. was closing C. have closed D. would close4. You _ television. Why not do something more active? A. always watch B. are always watching C. have always watched D. have alwa
32、ys been watching5. 一It seems that she is thinking about something. 一Yes, she cannot remember what key she _ to her computer. A .set B. has set C. had set D. sets 6. 一Why werent you at the meeting? 一I _ an important visitor from the UK in my office. A. expected B. had been expecting C. was expecting
33、D. had expected7. I have no idea what _ while I was asleep. A. has happened B. was happened C. had happened D. happened8. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet9. 一Im sorry to keep you waiting. 一Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have
34、been B. had been C. was D. will be10. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to me. A. are writing B. will write C. has written D. write 11. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him. A. will speak B. is going to speak C. had to speak D. was going to speak12. I _ ping-pong q
35、uite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play 13. The traffic in our city is already good and it _ even better. A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting 14. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
36、15. The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here any more .A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. hadnt lived D. doesnt live16. 一Mr Gorden asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon . Dont forget it !一OK. I _ .A. wont B. dont C. will D. do17. She _her keys in the office so she had to wait until he
37、r husband _home.A. has left; comes B. had left; would come C. had left; came D. left; had come18. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time.A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked19. Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying20. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice.A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see第 12 页 共 12 页
限制150内