太空生存太空生存太空生存 (39).pdf
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1、Analysis and optimization of the effect of light and nutrient solution onwheat growth and development using an inverse system model strategyChen Donga,b,1,2,Dawei Hua,b,c,d,1,2,Yuming Fua,b,1,2,Minjuan Wanga,2,Hong Liua,b,c,d,aSchool of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang University,B
2、eijing 100191,ChinabInstitute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,ChinacInternational Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology&Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,ChinadState Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and
3、 Systems,School of Computer Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,Chinaa r t i c l ei n f oArticle history:Received 6 June 2014Received in revised form 7 September 2014Accepted 12 October 2014Keywords:Bioregenerative Life Support SystemsWheat cultivationLight qualityNutrient solu
4、tionSystem identificationa b s t r a c tWheat(Triticum aestivum L.)has been selected as one of the core crops in Bioregenerative Life SupportSystems(BLSS)for future long-term space mission,and its cultivation is affected by several environmen-tal factors.Both light system and nutrient solution are m
5、ost efficient for plant growth.The objective ofthis study was to investigate the influences of different spectra combinations and ionic concentration(NH4+,K+,Mg2+,Ca2+,NO3?,H2PO4?,SO42?)on wheat growth,photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,antiox-idant capacity and biomass yield.The results showed
6、that redwhite light(RW)and white light(W)aremore conducive to wheat growth and development.There are obvious advantages:photosynthetic rate,harvest index,thousand kernel weight,edible and inedible biomass.In order to conduct wheat cultivationfor good quality,high yield and efficiency in the artifici
7、al environment,a valid state-space model of wheatgrowth process(WGP)was developed by experimental data and system identification,and then theinverse system model of WGP was derived accordingly to theoretically optimize the planting regimeincluding light intensity and mineral ions concentrations base
8、d on prescribed output responses ofWGP and computer simulation.Analysis of the most efficient nutrient mixtures showed that dependingon the light(intensity and quality)and the plant age the different absorption of mineral elements fromnutrient solution was observed.Therefore,it is important to devel
9、op a balanced nutrient mixture andlight,which would provide the optimum uptake by plants of each element for the growing season.?2014 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionBioregenerative Life Support Systems(BLSS)is an artificialecosystem consisting of many complex symbiotic relationshipsa
10、mong higher plants,animals,and microorganisms(Gitelson andLisovsky,2004;Hu et al.,2012;Tong et al.,2011).Biotechnologyand engineering control technologies are perfectly integrated tobuild BLSS according to the principles of ecological system.Similarto the Earths biosphere,higher plants in BLSS can p
11、rovide humanbeings with fresh air,clean drinking water,nutrient-rich food andnecessary spiritual consolation,which are essential for long-termmanned space missions(Lasseur et al.,1996).In particular,wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),which is one of the core crops in BLSS(Tikhomirovetal.,2003,2011)andunban
12、verticalfarms(Despommier,2009,2013),is often restricted from growing bylight and nutrient adversity because of higher planting density,skeletal structure shading,inappropriate artificial light and nutri-ent solutions.Moreover,the main factors affecting the plantgrowth are light source and mineral nu
13、trition in artificial ecosys-tems.Improvement of the crop yield and quality by controllinglight system and nutrient solution is therefore a matter of interestfor researchers in both space and unban agriculture fields.As a primary source of energy,light is one of the most importantenvironmental facto
14、rs for plant growth.Light-emitting diodes(LEDs)are a promising irradiation source for plant growth in spacehttp:/dx.doi.org/10.1016/pag.2014.10.0130168-1699/?2014 Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.Abbreviations:BLSS,Bioregenerative Life Support Systems;WGP,wheat growthprocess;PCA,principal component
15、analysis;LEDs,light-emitting diodes;R,redlight;RB,redblue light;RW,redwhite light;W,white light;SD,simulation data;ED,experimental data;PPFD,photosynthetic photon flux density;Pn,net photo-synthetic rate;POD,peroxidase;TKW,thousand-kernel weight.Corresponding author at:Institute of Environmental Bio
16、logy and Life SupportTechnology,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang Univer-sity,Beijing 100191,China.Tel.:+86 10 82339837;fax:+86 10 82339837.E-mail addresses:wenjian_(C.Dong),(D.Hu),(Y.Fu),(M.Wang),LH(H.Liu).1These authors contributed equally to this work.2Tel.:+86 10 82339
17、283.Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 109(2014)221231Contents lists available at ScienceDirectComputers and Electronics in Agriculturejournal homepage: of lightweight,reliable and durable characteristics(Bartaet al.,1992;Kim et al.,2004).Wheat can complete its life cycleunder red LEDs alone,b
18、ut larger plants and greater amounts ofseed are produced in the presence of red LEDs supplemented witha quantity of blue light(Goins et al.,1997).However,previousstudy has shown that wheat is not sensitive to the blue light doseinduction(Cope and Bugbee,2013;Dougher and Bugbee,2001).Inaddition,the r
19、ed-blue-white LED light source indeed is predomi-nant in improving the output and nutritional quality of crops suchas lettuce(Lin et al.,2013)and tomatoes(Lu et al.,2012)in com-parison to the red-blue LED light source.While it is widely under-stood that light intensity could positively affect phytoc
20、hemicalaccumulation(Li and Kubota,2009;Vergeer et al.,1995),theeffects of light quality are more complex and often reported withmixed results.Light intensity is essential for the growth,morpho-genesis and other physiological responses of plants(Ali et al.,2005;Hussey,1963;Schneider et al.,2006).Prev
21、ious researches mainlyfocused on the impacts of different light intensities on the growthand development of plants in the natural sunlight(Chaturvedi andIngram,1989;Flore,1980).However,little is known about theeffects of different light intensities on the growth and developmentof plants under LEDs.W
22、hat effects will different artificial lightintensities,especially in RW and W conditions on the growth anddevelopment of plants?And which period under low light intensitywill be not only suitable to the culture of plants,but also beneficialto energy saving?For these reasons,it is necessary to invest
23、igatethe appropriate light intensities of LEDs combined for the industri-alized production and evaluate different consequences caused bythe different light intensities in the artificial condition.Althoughavailable information on the low light intensity at seedling stageresulted in small differences
24、in leaf vegetables(Avercheva et al.,2009),very little work has been carried out on the significance ofnutrient solution in imparting high or low intensity stress toler-ance to wheat plants during ontogenesis.Mineral metabolism plays a significant role in photosynthesis,respirationand carbohydrateacc
25、umulation ofplants(Chapin,1980;Hocking,1994).Ion concentration and transpiration ratehave an effect on ion exchange properties of roots and ionic inter-actions within the root apoplasm.Using soil-like substrate,ceramicmatrixes or other medium cannot be controlled directly.Hydro-ponic method of growi
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