太空生存太空生存太空生存 (44).pdf
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1、Investigation on the influence of isolated environment on humanpsychological and physiological healthChen Mengb,c,1,Wei Wangb,c,1,Zikai Haob,c,Hong Liua,b,c,aBeijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 102402,ChinabInstitute of Environmental Biology and L
2、ife Support Technology,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,ChinacInternational Joint Research Center of Aerospace Biotechnology&Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100083,ChinaH I G H L I G H T S Crewmembers have no psychologicalpain and
3、physiological obstacles in LP1.Lacking natural light and perceptionmay increase the incidence of ANX andDEP.Lacking natural light and perception in-fluence tryptophan metabolism path-way.Prevotella may play a critical role inhealthregulationinisolatedenvironment.G R A P H I C A LA B S T R A C Ta b s
4、 t r a c ta r t i c l ei n f oArticle history:Received 10 October 2019Received in revised form 26 January 2020Accepted 26 January 2020Available online 6 February 2020Editor:LotfiAleyaKeywords:CrewmemberIsolated environmentMetabolitesEmotionIntestinal microorganismsCrewmembers are working and living
5、in isolated environment lacking natural light and perception.Althoughtheir health problems have been documented,the mechanism has not been thoroughly investigated.The aimof the present study is to investigate the psychological and physiological influences of isolated environment oncrewmembers health
6、.On account of complexity of the isolated environment,it is necessary to have a manuallycontrollable system to simulate research platform-Bioregenerative Life Support System(BLSS).Symptom check-list 90(SCL-90)wasusedtocompleteemotionalstatustest.Urine sampleswere collectedformetabonomicsandhormone s
7、ecretion analysis.Fecal samples were collected for intestinal microorganisms analysis.Crewmembers(n=4)followed strict daily schedule during the experimental period.Five emotional factors were significantly(P b 0.05)increased,differential metabolites were enriched in tryptophan metabolism pathway,the
8、 relativeabundance of Prevotella decreased significantly(P b 0.0001)when crewmembers in isolated environment with-out natural light.Hormone(melatonin,cortisol)secretion rhythm also changed.Significant positive correlation(r=0.805,Pb 0.05)between cortisolsecretion andanxiety wasobserved.Inconclusion,
9、naturallightsimulationin an isolated environment may have a positive effect on the physiological and psychological health of thecrewmember.2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.Science of the Total Environment 716(2020)136972 Corresponding author at:School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beih
10、ang University,No.37 Xueyuan Road,Beijing 100083,China.E-mail address:(H.Liu).1These authors equally contributed to this work.https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.1369720048-9697/2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.Contents lists available at ScienceDirectScience of the Total Environmentjournal homepa
11、ge: scientific and technological activities increase,such as mannedspace flight,submarine military mission,flight and landing tests ofreusable suborbital systems,space tourism and space science activi-ties,the number of participants will also increase significantly.Human health status in the isolate
12、d environment becomes moreand more important in continuous operation time and operationperformance(Barshi and Healy,2002;Keyak et al.,2009;Williams,2015;Wang,2011).Light is an important regulator of physiology and behavior,affectingvarious functions such as daily activity rhythms,sleep and melatonin
13、synthesis(Herzog,2007).A new type of nerve cell-intrinsically photo-sensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells(ipRGCs)that express melanopsin aremainly distributed in the retina of the eye(Berson,2003).Rod cellsand cone cells in the retina convert light energy into electrical signals,and transmit both image a
14、nd non-image forming information throughipRGCs.There is a neural projection between ipRGCs and suprachias-matic nucleus(SCN)that send to the brain(Berson,2003;Hankinset al.,2008;Hattar et al.,2002).ipRGCs affect the pineal gland locatedin the hypothalamus directly,subsequently influence on melatonin
15、 ex-pression that related to biological rhythm and has made wide effects onaging,sleep,cancer and so on(Chen et al.,2011;Fernandez et al.,2018;Jin et al.,2018).Normal light environment is good for reaction time,memory ability and visual accommodation(Fujioka et al.,2011;Gibson et al.,2010;Lamprecht,
16、2019),performing an increasingly vitalrole in human health.However,one of the main challenges is that the isolated environ-ment is lack of natural light and perception.Several previous studieshave reported that abnormal light environment is related to colorectalcancer,prostate cancer,seasonal affect
17、ive disorder,circadian rhythmand so on(Boivin and Boudreau,2014;Figueiro et al.,2014;Legateset al.,2014;Schernhammer et al.,2003;Sher,2000).Therefore,crewmembersmetabolismandhormonesecretionwasdetectedfirstly.Meanwhile,moreand morestudieshavereportedthatintestinal flora isrelated to anxiety,depressi
18、on,stress and cognitive changes over thepast few years,but the causal relationship between them are stillbeing explored(Foster and Neufeld,2013;Maehata et al.,2019;Wangand Kasper,2014).With the rapid development of metabonomics andhigh-throughput sequencing technology,human metabolic and intesti-nal
19、healthproblemscanbeexploredthoroughly(NicholsonandLindon,2008;Oulas et al.,2015).The influences of lacking natural light on human body have beenstudied.Forexample,inhighlatitudesthatlackingnaturallightcaneas-ily lead to“seasonal emotional disorders”with special symptoms suchas depression,irritabilit
20、y,increased sugar metabolism and so on.(Levitan,2007;Sher,2000;Sit et al.,2011).Studies suggested that“sea-sonal emotional disorders”are mainly due to lacking sunlight exposureleading to the abnormal melatonin secretion rhythm,which result inthe biological rhythm disorder(Arendt,2012;Lewy et al.,200
21、6;Melrose,2015;Tam et al.,1995).In addition,Wang et al.summarized the clinical characteristics andpossible mechanisms of gastrointestinal problems in modern wars(Wang et al.,2015).Wu et al.reported the problem of astronauts onorbit sleep and its countermeasures(Wu et al.,2018).Although studiesabout
22、the effects of light on human health have been done,a commonproblem in these studies is that there are too many factors may be af-fecting the study.Secondly,these studies are still in their preliminary,the mechanism has not been explored thoroughly.This study needs ahighly isolated system to simulat
23、e the environment of manned spaceflight,submarines and so on.It is worth noting that the bioregenerative life support system(BLSS),an artificial ecosystem composed of biological and non-biological factors,is an isolated system different from other life supportsystems(Dempster et al.,2004;Fu et al.,2
24、016;Gitelson et al.,1989).Lunar Palace 1(LP1),one of the latest developments of BLSS,couldsatisfy the requirements of this study purpose with a closure coefficientof 97%(Dong et al.,2015;Fu et al.,2016;Hao et al.,2018).Consideringthe possible interfering factors,such as rigorous isolated environment
25、,environmental microorganisms,diet,daily schedule and so on.The fol-lowing characteristics of LP1 can avoid these potential interfering fac-tors:(1)LP1 has no quality exchange with outside,which canmaintain the relative stability of environmental microorganisms to themaximum;(2)crewmembers have a pr
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