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1、Building and Environment 212(2022)108801Available online 19 January 20220360-1323/2022 Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.Regulating effects of the biophilic environment with strawberry plants on psychophysiological health and cognitive performance in small spaces Zhaoming Lia,b,Wenzhu Zhanga,b,Lingsh
2、an Wanga,b,Hui Liua,b,*,Hong Liua,b aInstitute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing,100083,China bInternet Joint Research Center of Aerospace
3、Biotechnology&Medical Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing,100083,China A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords:Edible plants Biophilic environment Indoor spaces Health Cognition A B S T R A C T With urbanization,pandemic isolation,and exploration of deep-space and deep-sea,human beings will inevi-tably fa
4、ce the situation of long-term living and working in small spaces,which has negative impacts on peoples mental health and cognitive performance.One of the solutions to these problems is to introduce biophilic design,in which plants are often the momentous elements.But research quantifying psychophysi
5、ological and cognitive benefits of edible plants is sparse.This inter-group study chose strawberry,a typical favorite fruit,to explore the impact of the biophilic environment with edible plants on health and cognition in small spaces.A subjective evaluation+electrophysiology+salivary secretion analy
6、sis method was adopted to discuss the mechanisms operating between biophilic environment and human psychophysiological and cognitive feedback,and reveal the laws of interaction between them.The results indicated that subjective emotions were significantly improved,and high-frequency power of heart r
7、ate variability(HRV),the power of alpha and beta brainwaves were increased,while heart rate,saliva cortisol,-amylase and IL-1 were reduced in the biophilic environment with strawberry plants.Moreover,the results highlighted an improvement in cognitive performance by introducing strawberry plants int
8、o small space.Correlation analysis revealed that vigor was significantly negatively corre-lated with melatonin and response time,while histidine was positively correlated with mood disturbance and response time.Overall,these findings shed light on the positive regulation of biophilic environment wit
9、h edible plants on peoples emotion and cognition.1.Introduction With the development of society and the acceleration of urbaniza-tion,55%of the worlds population live in urban areas nowadays,and the ratio is expected to increase to 68%by 2050 1.And urban residents spend more than 80%of their time in
10、doors every day 2.Confined and small space,fast pace of life,and great work and social pressure constitute the typical characteristics of modern urban life,and these factors cause peoples mental sub-health state 3,4.Especially during the special isolation periods such as the coronavirus disease 2019
11、(COVID-19)pandemic,people have to be confined indoors for a long time,which exacerbates the psychological and physiological problems such as depression,anxiety and insomnia 5,6.Research frontiers in deep-space and deep-sea exploration are also facing the mental health challenges caused by small and
12、confined space.There are many small-space stressors,such as lighting aspects,noise and vibration,ra-diation,stale or polluted air,long-term isolation and confinement.Crew members are suffering from long-term chronic stress and prone to problems such as increased negative emotions and sleep disorders
13、,thereby reducing their adaptability and tolerance to the environment 7,8.The stressors in small space,especially in the environment lacking visual diversity(such as the Arctic,space,and office without windows),not only affect peoples mental and physical health,but also lead to the decline of cognit
14、ive function easily 9.According to the biophilia hypothesis originated in the field of evolutionary psychology,there is a natural connection between human beings and nature,and this connection may affect our health and pro-ductivity 10.Since the end of the 20th century,the recovery effect of nature
15、has gradually attracted attention from the fields of environmental psychology and public health,and the positive effects of nature*Corresponding author.Institute of Environmental Biology and Life Support Technology,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Enginering,School of Biological Sci
16、ence and Medical Enginering,Beihang University,Beijing,100083,China.E-mail address:(H.Liu).Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Building and Environment journal homepage: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108801 Received 21 November 2021;Received in revised form 28 December 2021;Accepted 1
17、4 January 2022 Building and Environment 212(2022)1088012(including plants)on humans have been fully studied and confirmed 11,12.Hence,biophilic design may be one of the solutions to improve peoples psychophysiological health and cognitive performance in small spaces.And plants are often the momentou
18、s elements of biophilic design.The indoor decoration with ornamental plants has been shown to reduce negative emotions and stress,and increase productivity and ef-ficiency 1315.Introducing ornamental plants into the workplace,that is,creating a biophilic environment,may reduce the mismatch between e
19、volutionary needs and contemporary environments,thereby increasing job satisfaction and performance 16.Compared with indi-rect exposure to the natural environment by wooden materials 17,18,display or projector 19,20,or virtual reality technology 21,the advantage of real plants is that they may play
20、a role in purifying indoor air and improving environmental quality.Plants can not only absorb carbon dioxide through photosynthesis,but also absorb pollutants,which are separated,degraded or transferred inside the plant 22.In addition,plants can also release negative air ions(NAIs)that are beneficia
21、l to human physical and mental health 23.However,the current studies on indoor plants are rarely involved edible plants,and few of them have investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying the regulation of indoor plants on humans psychophysiological health and cognitive performance.Edible plan
22、ts can not only provide natural sensory stimulation through vision,smell,taste and touch,but also let people have a sense of harvest happiness,and provide fresh vegetables and fruits for people in small spaces as part of their food sources.As a favorite fruit rich in vitamins,strawberry(Fragaria ana
23、nassa L.)has been selected as one of the promising candidates crop for space life support system due to its characteristics of easy cultivation,small space occupation and low energy consumption 24.In addition,we have found that strawberry plants have the po-tential to reduce negative emotions and im
24、prove cognitive function in our previous studies 25,26.Therefore,strawberry plants were selected as the typical edible plant in this study to construct the biophilic envi-ronment in small spaces.The novelty of this study is that edible plants,which were rarely involved in previous studies,were used
25、to construct the biophilic envi-ronment.Edible plants might be more suitable for the construction of biophilic environment in small spaces,based on their characteristics of small space and resources occupation,fresh vegetable and fruits pro-duction,taste stimulation and harvest happiness etc.In addi
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