考研英语一真题及答案解析.pdf
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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!2018 年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Trust is a tricky business.On the one hand,its
2、a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things:child care,friendships,etc.On the other hand,putting your 2,in the wrong place often carries a high 3.4,why do we trust at all?Well,because it feels good.5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution,their brains release oxytocin,a hormo
3、ne that 6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to 7 with one another.Scientists have found that exposure 8 this hormone puts us in a trusting 9:In a Swiss study,researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects;those subjects were ready to lend si
4、gnificantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us,we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us.A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one.Sixty toddlers were
5、each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container.The tester would ask,“Whats in here?”before looking into the container,smiling,and exclaiming,“Wow!”Each subject was then invited to look 15.Half of them found a toy;the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.A
6、mong the children who had not been tricked,the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill,demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19,only five of the 30 children paired with the“20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1.A on B like C for D from 2.A faith B co
7、ncern C attention D interest 3.A benefit B debt C hope D price 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!4.A Therefore B Then C Instead D Again 5.AUntil B Unless C Although D When 6.A selects B produces C applies D maintains 7.A consult B compete C connect D compare 8.A at B by Cof Dto 9.A cont
8、ext B mood C period D circle 10.A counterparts B substitutes C colleagues Dsupporters 11.A Funny B Lucky C Odd D Ironic 12.A monitor B protect C surprise D delight 13.A between B within C toward D over 14.A transferred B added C introduced D entrusted 15.A out B back C around D inside 16.A discovere
9、d B proved C insisted D.remembered 17.A betrayed Bwronged C fooled D mocked 18.A forced B willing C hesitant D entitled 19.A In contrast B As a result C On the whole D For instance 20.A inflexible B incapable C unreliable D unsuitable欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!Section II Reading
10、Comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1 Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential ca
11、mpaign:What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely.About half of U.S.jobs are at high risk of being automated,according to a University of Oxford study,with the middle class disproportionately squeezed.Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appe
12、al to robots.But many middle-class occupations-trucking,financial advice,software engineering have aroused their interest,or soon will.The rich own the robots,so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist.Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past.The Industria
13、l Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms,but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed.Likewise,automation should eventually boost productivity,stimulate demand by driving down prices,and free workers from hard,borin
14、g work.But in the medium term,middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step,as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age,should be rethinking education and job training.Curriculums from grammar school to college-should evolve to focus less on memorizi
15、ng facts and more on creativity and complex communication.Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots.Online education can supplement the traditional kind.It could make extra training and instruction affordable.Professional
16、s trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S.to revive its fading business dynamism:Starting new companies must be made easier.In previous eras of drastic technological change,entrepreneurs smooth
17、ed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!and machines.The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality havent been invented yet.The U.S.needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally,because automation threatens to widen the gap bet
18、ween capital income and labor income,taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought.Taxes on low-wage labor need to be cut,and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded:This would boost incomes,encourage work,reward companies for job creation,and reduce inequality.Te
19、chnology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years,yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation.Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts.But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.will
20、 be most threatened by automation?A Leading politicians.B Low-wage laborers.C Robot owners.D Middle-class workers.22.Which of the following best represent the author s view?A Worries about automation are in fact groundless.B Optimists opinions on new tech find little support.C Issues arising from au
21、tomation need to be tackled D Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided in the age of automation should put more emphasis on A creative potential.B job-hunting skills.C individual needs.D cooperative spirit.author suggests that tax policies be aimed at A encouraging the development of automat
22、ion.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档,本文档来源于互联网,如有侵权请联系删除!我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档!B increasing the return on capital investment.C easing the hostility between rich and poor.D preventing the income gap from widening.this text,the author presents a problem with A opposing views on it.B possible solutions to it.C its alarming impact
23、s.D its major variations.Text 2 A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump s use of Twitter.The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source,Not a president s social media plat
24、form.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines.Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills.Such a trend is badly needed.During the 2016 presidential campaign,nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the
25、 politically critical state of Michigan was fake news,according to the University of Oxford.And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating
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