《Metaphor隐喻》PPT课件.ppt
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1、MetaphorMetaphor暗喻暗喻 ObjectivesTo know what metaphor is.To know the thinking mode reflected by metaphor.To know the classifications of metaphor.To know the significance of learning metaphor.Metaphor1.What is metaphor?Metaphor is a comparison of two unlike things from different domains.Unlike simile,
2、the comparison is implied rather than clearly expressed.2 What is metaphor composed of?-the subject(本体)-the reference(喻体)-A is B.-The world is a stage.-A romance was budding.-The economy is overheating.-She exploded.-The temperature fell to a murderous-40。C.-Embarrassed at our noisy children,we shee
3、pishly tried to sneak into the dining room,hoping not to be noticed by others.3 The formula“A is B”-For a better understanding of metaphorThe nouns,verbs,adj.s,or adv.s are used to indicate the reference(喻体).-The romance was a plant.-The economy is a machine.-She is a container.-The temperature was
4、a murderer.-We were sheep.4.The thinking mode involved A IS B.is a plant.-A romance was budding.-The brilliant founders branched into many areas.is a building.-to cement ones popularity -the shattered foundations of ones life -The theory was totally based on solid foundation.4.The thinking mode invo
5、lved A IS B.The economy is a machine.-The economy is overheating.-to fine-tune(微调)inflation.The economy is a rocket/an airplane/a space craft.-The economy soared/skyrocketed.-The economy plunged.-In economics,a soft landing is a situation in which the economy stops growing but this does not produce
6、a recession(衰退).4.The thinking mode involvedThe nouns:internetstock marketstock market bubblesbullet trainsolar stormPittsburgh summit(峰会)Only a few would go that far and commit crimes.The references:netmarketbubblesbulletstormsummitgo that far.4 The thinking mode involvedabstractwhat we are unfamil
7、iar withconcretewhat we are familiar with -We use a concept that we are familiar with to describe or understand another concept that we are not so familiar with.The mind is a machine.He is still grinding out a solution.His mind isnt operating today.He is a little rusty today.I cant think;I am runnin
8、g out of steam(losing vigor).How could any man ever understand the workings of a womans mind?The coffee was perfect and by the time I was halfway through my first cup my brain was ticking over much more briskly.An argument is war.Your claims are indefensible.He attacked every weak point in my argume
9、nt.His criticism is right on the target.I demolished his argument.Ive never won an argument with him.If you use that strategy,hell wipe you out.He shot down all of my arguments.Ideas are food.All this paper has in it are raw facts,half-baked ideas,and warmed-over theories.There are too many facts he
10、re for me to digest them all.I just cant swallow that claim.Let me stew over that for a while.Thats food for thought.She devoured the book.Up&Down Orientational metaphorMore is up:Speak up,please.Conscious is up:Wake up.Control is up:Im on top of the situation.Happy is up:Im feeling up today.Less is
11、 down:Keep down your voice.Unconscious is down:He sank into a coma.Lack of control is down:He is under my control.Sad is down.He is really low these days.Up&Down Orientational metaphorVirtue is up:Shes an upstanding citizen.Rational is up:He could always rise above his emotion.Lack of virtue is down
12、:That was a low-down thing to do.Nonrational is down:The discussion fell to an emotional level.ConclusionMetaphorical language is not arbitrary.Metaphor plays a major role in how human beings think.Metaphor has provided us with a better understanding of our language.5.The classifications of metaphor
13、-nominal(n.)metaphor;-verbal metaphor;-adjective metaphor;-adverbial metaphor;(When the formula A IS B is not available,the n.,v.,adj.,or adv.always helps us to find out what A is.)5.1 Nominal(n.)metaphorMother Teresa is part of the chromosome(染色体)of Kolkata.Googles newly developed software could ch
14、allenge the Seattle giants desktop dominance.Charles Dow put us on the worlds greatest roller coaster.We laugh nervously all the way up and we scream like hell all the way down.Microsoft is a giant.The stock market is a roller coaster.5.2 Verbal metaphor(The following is taken from a piece of sports
15、 news.)SINGAPORE:China has delivered a stinging slap in the face to badmintons world governing body by pulling all of its players from this months season-ending finale.Chinas pulling its players from the finale is a stinging slap.a slap in the face5.2 Verbal metaphorScience often thrives while advan
16、cing along circuitous pathways toward unpredictable destinations,propelled primarily by human curiosity.Science is a vehicle.5.3 Adjective metaphorThis evening when my father burst in,his mood seemed even more thunderous than usual.Starbucks is not immune to competition.the imperial(帝王般的)chief execu
17、tiveunalloyed successMy fathers mood is a thunder.Competition is something dangerous.The CEOs are emperors(帝王).The success is a metal without mixing other types of metal.5.4 Adverbial metaphorThe idea of becoming a writer had come to me off and on since my childhood,but it wasnt until my third year
18、in high school that the possibility took hold.off and on:from time to timeOff and on can be believed to describe a light bulb,which is connected to the electrical supply from time to time.6.The particular sentence structures used in metaphor6.The particular sentence structures used in metaphorThe la
19、test wave of scandals rocked Wall Street.My ill-considered mountain of real estate tumbled.我因考虑不周而购置的房产猛跌了。One hundred years later,the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.The scandals are a wave.The real estate is a mountain.Poverty is a lone
20、ly island;material prosperity is a vast ocean.7.Comparison&contrast between metaphor and simileHappiness is like sunshine.Happiness is sunshine.the sunshine of happinessSimile only indicates that the two things are comparable,but metaphor also indicates that the two things are ONE.So,metaphor is reg
21、arded as“compressed/condensed simile”.8.Metaphor in English idioms&Chinese idiomsto kill two birds with one stoneto teach a fish to swimto feather ones nestto cast pearls before swine(把珍珠丢在猪面前)to hold the candle to the devilto cry up wine and sell vinegar中饱私囊中饱私囊对牛弹琴对牛弹琴助纣为虐助纣为虐班门弄斧班门弄斧挂羊头,卖狗挂羊头,卖狗肉
22、肉一箭双雕一箭双雕 9.The names of animals used in verbal metaphorsHe _ down his breakfast before it was too late for class.They _ together in a mean hut.Dont _ me!Passengers on the bus _ their heads out of the windows to see what was happening.Tony saw a policeman coming,and _ behind a car.He wolfed down his
23、 breakfast before it was too late for class.They pigged together in a mean hut.Dont fox me!Passengers on the bus craned their heads out of the windows to see what was happening.Tony saw a policeman coming,and ducked behind a car.To render your writing more vivid Plain languageI absolutely loved barg
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