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1、Back groundTheoretical basisBasic principlecommentThe natural approachThe natural approach emphasize natural communication rather than formal grammar study and are tolerant of learners errors.It is language acquisition which is considered a subconscious process,dependent on two factors:the amount of
2、 comprehensible input the students get,and the strength of their affective filters,that is,the amount of input the students“allow in.”Back groundThe Natural Approach was proposed in 1977 by Tracy Terrell,a teacher of Spanish at the University of California.This new philosophy of language teaching wa
3、s an attempt to develop a language teaching proposal that incorporated the“naturalistic”principles in the studies of second language acquisition.The Natural Approach emphasizeComprehension abilities precede productive skills in learning a language The teaching of speaking should be delayed until com
4、prehension skills are established Skills acquired through listening transfer to other skills Teaching should emphasize meaning rather than form Teaching should minimize learns stressTheory of learningKrashens Monitor Model of Second language developmentTwo distinct processesThe five hypotheses of th
5、is model (1)The acquisition-learning hypotheses (2)The monitor hypothesis (3)The natural order hypothesis (4)The comprehensive input hypothesis (5)The affective filter hypothesis Theoretical BasisTheory of languageCommunication as the primary function of languageNot necessary to analyze grammatical
6、structureRules automatically provided in the inputEmphasis on meaningImportance of vocabularyBasic principlesMain features The natural approach considers input as the most important element of any language teaching programme.Language is best taught when it is being used to transmit messagesImplicati
7、ons for classroom practice:Whatever helps comprehension is important.Vocabulary is important.Students must understand the massage.Classroom may be a very good place for second language acquisitionGuidelines for classroom practice:The goal is communication skills.Comprehension precedes production.Pro
8、duction emerges.Acquisition activities are essential.Lower the affective filter.Characteristics of classroom teaching:Class time is devoted primarily to providing input for acquisitionThe teacher speaks only the target language.Students may use either first or second language.Errors should not be co
9、rrected in the process of communicationHomework may include grammar work and errors should be corrected.The goals are to enable students to talk about ideas and to perform tasks.To assess students progress,the natural approach sets examinations which are usually conducted in the following mannersLis
10、teningSpeaking Reading and writing Summary and CommentsAdvantages:Classroom consisting acquisition activities can be an excellent environment for beginners.The teacher creates speeches which enable students to interact using the target language.Students are not forced to respond in the target langua
11、ge immediatelyDisadvantagesIt ignores many factors essential in second language course design.It simply borrows techniques from other methods.There is nothing novel about its procedures and techniques.There are still many problems in the research method.Students interact in meaningful situations at their own level.The teacher knows students needs and concentrates on appropriate and useful areas.Comprehensible and meaningful practice activities are emphasizes.
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