《疫器官与组织》PPT课件.ppt
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1、免疫学免疫学(Medical Immunology )南通大学医学院免疫学与微生物教研室南通大学医学院免疫学与微生物教研室(Departmentofimmunologyandmicrobiology)Helpful HintslThink,ratherthanmemorizelAskquestionslDontwaituntilthelastminutetostudyfortheexam基本概念基本概念l免免疫疫(immunity)机机体体识识别别自自我我和和非非我我物物质质,排斥抗原性异物,以维持自身稳定的生物功能。排斥抗原性异物,以维持自身稳定的生物功能。l 免免疫疫学学:即即是是研研究究
2、免免疫疫系系统统结结构构与与功功能能的的科科学学。经经历历了了经经验验时时期期(公公元元11世世纪纪)、科科学学免免疫疫学学时时期期(19世世纪纪中中叶叶)、和和现现代代免免疫疫学学时时期期(20世世纪纪70年年代后期)。代后期)。ImmunitylResistancetoinfectioniscalledimmunity.lTheterm“immunity”isderivedfromtheGreekword“immunis”meaningexempt.lTherearetwotypesofimmunityinvertebrates.Innateimmunitypresentfrombirth
3、.Acquiredimmunityresultofinfectionorvaccination.ImmunologylImmunology is the study of the ways in which the body defends itself from infectious agents and other foreign substances in its environment.immune response(免疫应答)lRecognition(识别)lTreatment(处理)lElimination(清除)Recover the balance(恢复平衡)恢复平衡)Inna
4、te(固有性免疫应答)(固有性免疫应答)Adaptive(适应性免疫应答)(适应性免疫应答)INNATE IMMUNITYWhen you were born,you brought with you several mechanisms to prevent illness.This type of immunity is also called nonspecific immunity.Adaptive immunity(antigen-specific)lReceptor-drivenlPre-existingclonesprogrammedtomakeaspecificimmunere
5、sponse(humoral/cellular)Cells of the adaptive immune system:Dendritic cells,T and B lymphocytes,Dendritic cells,T and B lymphocytes,lLymphocytes are generated with unique antigen receptors on their surface.lDendritic cells(and macrophages)present antigen to lymphocytes and provide activating signals
6、lLymphocytes undergo clonal expansion and migrate back to area of infection as effector cells.lT cytotoxic cells selectively kill virally infected cellslT helper cells selectively help B cells produce large amounts of high affinity specific antibody.lAfter infection,memory lymphocytes provide protec
7、tive immunityThe Antigen-Presenting Cell(APC)Manyshortfragments(peptides,carbohydrates)fromtheseantigensarethenboundtomajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC)moleculesandincorporatedintothecellmembrane.Iftheantigenisofexogenousorigin,thatis,itcamefromoutsidethebody,itwillbindtoclassIIMHCmolecules:-MHCcla
8、ssIIarefoundinAPCs.Iftheantigenisofendogenousorigin,thatis,itwasproducedfrominsidetheinfectedcell,itwillbindreadilytoclassIMHCmoleculesandmovetothecellmembraneoftheinfectedcell.-MHCclassIarefoundinvirtuallyallnucleatedcells.Innate and adaptive(acquired)immunity are integratedThe products of the immu
9、ne response may be usedlTodiagnosediseaselTomonitordiseaseprogresslAsreagentsinassaystodetectandquantifyothersubstances第二章第二章 免疫组织和器官免疫组织和器官 immune tissues and organs ANATOMY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEMLymphoid OrganslPrimaryorcentrallymphoidorgansbonemarrowandthymuswherelymphocytesaregeneratedlSecondaryor
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