中考英语语法专项复习:被动语态-中考指导-初中英语【外研版】八年级下册教案说课稿试题真题.docx
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1、中考英语语法专项复习:被动语态英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,又叫 施动者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动 语态,主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如:The flowers and grass should be watered . (语态)We should water the flowers and grass . (_语态) 一构成.被动语态是由“助动词be +过去分词”构成的,助动词be有时态、人称和数 的变化。Tom broke the cup .(主动语态)The cup was broken by Tom .(被动语 态
2、)1 .被动语态有以下8种:一般现在时:be(am / is are) +过去分词Trees are planted in spring .一般过去时:be(was / were) + 过去分词The house was built last year .现在进行时:be(am / is are) + being +过去分词 The car is being repaired . 过去进行时:be(was / were) + being +过去分词现在完成时:have / has + been + 过去分词The light has been turned off.过去完成时:had + be
3、en +过去分词一般将来时:will be +过去分词Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever .含情态动词的:情态动词+ be +过去分词My homework can be finished in twohours .2 .被动语态常用于以下场合:不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如:My bike was stolen yesterday . 我的自行车昨天被偷了。强调动作的执行者时,使用“by +动作的执行者如:The pen was used by my father .这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。X只有及物动词才有被动形式,不及物动词如r
4、ise / come / go / take / place / happen等,没有被动形式。二主动语态变被动语态的步骤通常遵循以下三个步骤:1 .把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2 .把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式,且与被动语态的主 语保持人称和数的一致。3 .将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,置于句末。“by +宾语”在句中常省 略。主动语态:Many peoplespeakEnglish .这里还需要连线!被动语态:English .is spoken by many people.如:Lu Xun wrote this book . f This book w
5、as written by Lu Xun .这本书是鲁迅写 的。People are cutting down many trees now . Many trees are being cut down now .现在许多树正被砍伐。三主动语态和被动语态的转换.双宾语的被动形式双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时,有两种变法:如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语,那么指物的直接宾语保留不动。如:His teacher gave him a book . -*He was given a book by his teacher . He has bought me a present .-*1 have be
6、en bought a present.如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语,那么动词后要用介词t。/for,这个介词 是由与其搭配的动词决定的。如:His teacher gave him a book . A book was given to him by his teacher . He has bought me a present .-*A present has been bought for me .派 常见的能接双宾语的动词有give / show / bring / lend / send等,这些词与介 词to搭配;buy / make / draw ,这些词与介词for搭配。1
7、 .动词短语的被动语态许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词,是一 个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开,也不能漏掉短语动 词中的介词或副词。如: We should speak eo old men politely . -Old men should be spoken to politely . He always takes care of his sister . -His sister is always taken care of (by him).(3) She turned off the radio .一The radio was lur
8、ried off (by her).3 .省略的to动词不定式用于被动语态在主动语态中,一些表示感官或使役的动词,如hear / watch / see / feel / notice / listen to / look at / let /make / have 和 help 等后面的宾语补足语是不带 to 的动词不定式,但句子在变为被动语态后要加to。如: He made the girl stay at home . -*The girl was made to stay at home . We often hear her sing in the room . f She is o
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