To Helen 爱伦坡.pdf
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1、To HelenTo Helen is the first of two poems to carry that name written by Edgar Allan Poe。The 15-linepoem was written in honor of Jane Stanard,the mother of a childhood friend.It was firstpublished in 1831 collection Poems of Edgar A。Poe then reprinted in 1836 in the SouthernLiterary Messenger。Poe re
2、vised the poem in 1845,making several improvements,mostnotably changing”the beauty of fair Greece,and the grandeur of old Rome to”the glory thatwas Greece and the grandeur that was Rome。”These improvedlines are the most wellknownlines of the poem。BackgroundBackgroundEdgar Allan Poe wrote“To Helen”as
3、 a reflection on the beauty of Mrs.Jane Stith Stanard,who died in 1824。She was the mother of one of Poes school classmates,Robert Stanard.When Robert invited Edgar,then 14,to his home in 1823,Poe was greatly taken with the27year-old woman,who is said to have urged him to write poetry。He was later to
4、 writethat she was his first real love。ThemeThemeThe theme of this short poem is the beauty of a woman with whom Poe became acquaintedwhen he was 14.Apparently she treated him kindly and may have urged himor perhapsinspired himto write poetry。Beauty,as Poe uses the word in the poem,appears to refer
5、tothe womans soul as well as her body。On the one hand,he represents her as Helen ofTroythe quintessence of physical beauty at the beginning of the poem.On the other,herepresents her as Psychethe quintessence of soulful beautyat the end of the poem.InGreek,psyche means soul.Imagery and Summary of the
6、 PoemImagery and Summary of the Poem Poe opens the poem with a simile“Helen,thy beauty isto me/Like those Nican barks of yore”that compares the beauty of Helen with small sailingboats(barks)that carried home travelers in ancient times.He extends this boat imagery intothe second stanza,when he says H
7、elen brought him home to the shores of the greatestcivilizations of antiquity,classical Greece and Rome.It may well have been that Mrs.Stanards beauty and other admirable qualities,as well as her taking notice of Poes writingability,helped inspire him to write poetry that mimicked in some ways the c
8、lassical tradition ofGreece and Rome。Certainly the poems allusions to mythology and the classical age suggestthat he had a grounding in,and a fondness for,ancient history and literature。In the finalstanza of the poem,Poe imagines that Mrs.Stanard(Helen)standing before him in arecess or alcove in fro
9、nt of a window.She is holding an agate lamp,as the beautiful Psychedid when she discovered the identity of Eros(Cupid).For further information on the agate lamp,Psyche,and Eros,sees the comments opposite the third stanza.Analysis:Analysis:As is typical with many of Poes poems,the rhythm and rhyme sc
10、heme of ToHelen”is irregular but musical in sound.The poem consists of three stanzas of fivelines each,where the end rhyme of the first stanza is ABABB,that of the secondis ABABA,and that of the third is ABBAB.Poe uses soothing,positive words andrhythms to create a fitting tone and atmosphere for th
11、e poem.His concluding imageis that of light,with a”brilliant window niche and the agate lamp suggesting t heglowing of the Holy Land,”for which Helen is the beacon。To Helen is the first of two poems to carry that name written by Poe.The 15-linepoem was written in honor of Jane Stanard,the mother of
12、a childhood friend。.Itwas first published in 1831 collection Poems of Edgar A。Poe then reprinted in 1836in the Southern Literary Messenger.Poe revised the poem in 1845,making severalimprovements,most notably changing the beauty of fair Greece,and the grandeurof old Rome”to the glory that was Greece
13、and the grandeur that was Rome.These improved lines are the most wellknown lines of the poem。Imagery and Summary of the PoemPoe opens the poem with a simile“Helen,thy beauty is to me/Like those Nican barks of yore”that compares the beauty of Helen with small sailing boats thatcarried home travelers
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