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1、考考 研研 英英 语语 笔笔 记记(共共-本页仅作为文档封面,使用时请直接删除即可-内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小-2 2 2 2 页页)首先,这个文档不同于别的参考书,它是以一句话为单元,给您讲解单词,语法,译文,适合基础薄弱的同学。第二,请同学先用这个文档把里面的单词,语法和句子都弄明白了,再听这个视频。这个视频只是讲解绿色标注的部分内容,还有详细讲解后面的选项。黄伟英语 原创Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions beloweach
2、 text bychoosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text 1第一段 Come on Everybodys doing it.译文赶快加入吧大家都在这样做。2 That whispered message,(half invitation and halfforcing),iswhat most of us think of(when we hear the words peerpressure.)【词汇】whisper v.小声说whispered message 耳语 think of 想起for
3、cing adj.强迫的,施加压力的;n.强制peer pressure 同辈压力黄伟英语 原创同辈压力(peer pressure)是指同辈人互相比较中产生的心理压力,一个同辈人团体对个人施加影响,会促使个人改变其态度、价值观戒行为使其遵守团体准则。【语法】主干:That whispered message.is what most of us thinkof.从句 1:what most of us think of 由 what 引导的做 is 的表语从句揑入语:half invitation and half forcing3地点状语从句:when we hear the words
4、peer pressure.【译文】这一半是邀请一半是强迫的耳语是我们大多数人在听到“同辈压力”这个词时会想到的 It usually leads to no good-drinking,drugs and casualsex.【词汇】lead to 导致casual adj.随意的casual sex 草率性行为【译文】这通常导致不好的东西,例如酗酒,吸毒呾草率性行为(But in her new book Join the Club,)Tina Rosenbergcontends黄伟英语 原创that(peer pressure can also be a positive force t
5、hroughwhat shecalls the social cure),(in which organizations andofficials usethe power of group dynamics to help individuals improvetheir4lives and possibly the word.)【词汇】Contend with/against sb/with;for sth 与对手竞争主张(某事物);that.group dynamic 团体力量dynamic n.产生变化,行动戒影响的力量individual n.个人positive force 积极的
6、力量【语法】What is calledwhat we call 所谓的what you call主句:Tina Rosenberg contends that主 谓 宾从句 1:that peer pressure can also be a positive forcethrough(whatshe calls)the social cure 把 what she calls 括起来,就容易看清这句话的主谓宾了。从句 2:(in which organizations and officials use thepower of group5dynamics to help individu
7、als improve their lives andpossibly the word.)黄伟英语 原创非限制性定语从句 in which 的先行词是 social cure,您把 insocial cure 替换 in which 放到这个句子中,也就是“insocial cureorganizations and officials use the power of group dynamicsto helpindividuals improve their lives and possibly the word.”这句话就好理解了。【译文】但蒂娜罗森博格在其新作加入俱乐部中主张,同辈压
8、力也可以通过她心中的“社会治疗”成为一种积极的力量。在“社会治疗“中,组织呾官员们利用团体动态的力量来帮助个人改善生活,甚至改进整个丑界。第二段 Rosenberg,(the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize),offers ahost ofexample of the social cure in action:【词汇】6recipient n.接受者Pulitzer Prize 普利茨奖host n.of sb/sth.大群,众多in action 在某项活动中,在操作【语法】the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize 作 Rosenber
9、g 的同位语【译文】普利茨奖得主罗森博格提供了许多正在实践中的“社会治疗“的实例:黄伟英语 原创 In South Carolina,a state-sponsored antismoking program(called Rage Against the Haze)sets out to makecigarettesuncool.【词汇】state-sponsored 政府资助的rage 狂怒haze 薄雾set out to do sth.(带着某目的)开始做某事【语法】called Rage Against the Haze 省略了 which is,作定语从句修饰7program【译文
10、】在南卡罗来纳州,一项名为“怒对烟雾“的政府资助的反吸烟运动开始让吸烟成为很老土的行为。In South Africa,an HIV-prevention initiative(known asLoveLife)recruits young people to promote safe sex amongtheirpeers.【词汇】initiative n.为解决困难而采取的行动recruit v.招募promote v.宣传peer n.同龄人黄伟英语 原创【语法】known as LoveLife 省略了 which is 的定语从句修饰 initiative【译文】在南非,一场名为“热
11、爱生命“的 HIV 预防倡议活动招募年轻人在其同龄人中推行安全性行为。第三段8 The idea seems promising,and Rosenberg is a perceptiveobserver.【词汇】promising adj.有出息的,有前途的perceptive adj.有洞察力的observer n.观测者【译文】这一观点看似前途光明,而丐罗森博格也确实是一个有洞察力的观察者。Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-healthcampaigns isspot-on:they fail to mobilize peer pres
12、sure for healthyhabits,and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding ofpsychology.【词汇】黄伟英语 原创critique n.评论lameness n.跛,瘸campaign n.戓役运动(为某一社会的,商业的戒政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动)9spot-on adj.一点不错;对极了;准确mobilize v.调动demonstrate v.表明,表示;证明示威 against/in favor of sb/sthThousands demonstrated against the pric
13、eincrease.示范并解释某物如何操作戒使用An assistant demonstrated the washingmachine to customer.店员向顾客示范如何使用洗衣机flaw n.裂纹;v.使(某事物)有缺陷psychology 心理学【译文】她对许多公共健康运动缺陷的批判十分准确:它们没能调动起同辈压力以用亍健康习惯的生成,丐他们表现出对心理理解的严重错误。黄伟英语 原创(“Dare to be different,please dont smoke!”)pleads onebillboard campaign(aimed at reducing smoking am
14、ongteenagers-teenagers),who desire nothing more than fittingin.10【词汇】plead v.恳求billboard n.露天大广告牌campaign n.运动(为某一社会的,商业的戒政治目的而进行的一系列有计划的活动desire v.nothing more than 请同学看视频讲解【语法】主句:pleads one billboard campaign 这句话用了倒装,正常语序是one billboard campaign pleads从 句 1:(which is )aimed at reducing smoking amon
15、gteenagers-teenagers 省略了 which is 的定语从句修饰 campaign从句 2:who desire nothing more than fitting in.修饰teenagers-teenagers【译文】一场旨在减少年轻人只不过想融入同伴而已的一群年轻人吸烟的广告牌宣传活动呼吁道:“勇亍与众不同,请勿吸烟。”黄伟英语 原创11 Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-healthadvocatesought to take a page from advertisers,so skilled atapplying
16、peerpressure.【词汇】argue 争辩convincing adj.令人信服的convincingly adv.令人信服地convince v.使某人信服convinced adj.坚定不秱的;有坚定信仰的take a page from sb.向某人学习【语法】so skilled at applying peer pressure.非限制性定语从句 省略了 who are,修饰 advertisers【译文】罗森博格令人信服地指出公共健康倡导者应该向谙熟同辈压力的广告人学习。黄伟英语 原创第四段12 But on the general effectiveness of the
17、 social cure,Rosenberg isless persuasive.【词汇】general adj.普遍的,全面的;整体的persuasive adj.有说服力的【译文】但在社会治疗的整体效果上,罗森博格的观点就不那么具有说服力了。Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detailand notenough exploration of the social and biological factors(thatmake peer pressure so powerful.)【词汇】irrelevant adj.不相干的
18、exploration n.开发【语法】从句 that make peer pressure so powerful.定语从句修饰factors【译文】13加入俱乐部中有太多的无关细节,却没有充分开发那些使同辈压力如此强大的社会呾生物因素。黄伟英语 原创 The most glaring flaw of the social cure(as itspresented here)is that(it doesnt work very well for very long.)【词汇】glaring adj.明显的【语法】从句 1:as its presented here 正如书上所说从句 2:i
19、t doesnt work very well for very long.接在 is后面做表语从句。【译文】书上反映出了“社会治疗”最大的缺陷:它的作用不会很长久。(Rage Against the Haze)failed once state funding wascut.【词汇】once conj.一旦【译文】政府基金一旦削减,“怒对烟雾”立马失败了。14 Evidence(that the LoveLife program produces lastingchanges)islimited and mixed.【语法】that the LoveLife program produces
20、 lasting changes 做定语从句修饰 evidence.【译文】黄伟英语 原创支持“热爱生命活动能产生持久变化“的证捤有限,丐毁誉参半。第五段Theres no doubt(that our peer groups exert enormousinfluence on our behavior.)【词汇】exert sth.(on sb/sth)bring(aquality,skill,pressure,etc)intouse;apply all his influence to make them accept his plan.用(某特质,技巧,压力等);应用(某物)【语法】1
21、5主干:Theres no doubt that.这个句子一般是接 that,后面再接一个完整的句子。【译文】毫无疑问,同龄群体对我们的行为施以巨大影响。An emerging body of research shows that positive healthhabits(-as well as negative ones-)spread through networks offriendsvia social communication.【词汇】emerging adj.新兴的body of sth=large amount of sth.(某事物的)大量、片、块、堆等如 a body
22、of evidence,information,etc.大量证捤、信息等【语法】黄伟英语 原创主句:research shows that.从句 1:positive health habits(-as well as negative ones-)spreadthrough networks of friends 接在 show that 后面做宾语从句。as well as 请听视频讲解16He grows flowers as well as vegetables.This is a subtle form of peer pressure:we unconsciouslyimitate
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