LanguageFamiliyandIndoEuropean 英语语系之印欧语系.pptx
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1、Alanguagefamilyisgroupoflanguagesrelatedthroughdescentfromacommonancestor,calledtheproto-languageofthatfamily.Thetermfamilycomesfromthetreemodeloflanguageoriginationinhistoricallinguistics,whichmakesuseofametaphorcomparinglanguagestopeopleinabiologicalfamilytreeorinasubsequentmodificationtospeciesin
2、aphylogenetictreeofevolutionarytaxonomy.1第1页/共16页andthemembersofthegrouparecalledcognate languages(同语系语言)(Lcognatus borntogether,relatedbybirth).Forexample,theGermanic日耳曼语,Slavic斯拉夫语,Romance罗曼语,andIndo-Iranianlanguagefamilies(印度伊朗语系)arebranchesofalargerIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.2第2页/共16页 语系languag
3、e family语族language group语支language branch语种分类的二级单位分类的最大单位由一个共同的原始母语分化的若干具有亲属关系的语言组成。目前世界语言大致划分为10个语系同一语系中最小的语言群一种语系就是一种语言第3页/共16页Indo-European Language familyTheIndo-European languagesareafamily(orphylum)ofseveralhundredrelatedlanguagesanddialects,includingmostmajorcurrentlanguagesofEurope,theIrania
4、nplateau,andSouthAsiaandalsohistoricallypredominantinAnatolia.WithwrittenattestationsappearingsincetheBronzeAge,intheformoftheAnatolianlanguagesandMycenaeanGreek(希腊迈锡尼),theIndo-EuropeanfamilyissignificanttothefieldofhistoricallinguisticsaspossessingthelongestrecordedhistoryaftertheAfroasiaticfamily(
5、亚非语系)第4页/共16页MembershipoftheselanguagesintheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyisdeterminedbygeneticrelationships,meaningthatallmembersarepresumedtobedescendantsofacommonancestor,Proto-Indo-European.第5页/共16页The Outer History of Indo-European5000B.C-3000B.C.DwellingplaceoftheearlyIndo-Europeansafterabout3000
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