高考英语定语从句总结ppt课件.ppt
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1、高考专题语法复习高考专题语法复习 定语从句定语从句1.1.定义及定义及相相关概念关概念2.2.关系词关系词的确定的确定教学目标教学目标 定义及相关术语定义及相关术语1.定语从句:定语从句:He is a hard-working student.He is a student who works very hard.用一个句子来作定语修饰某用一个句子来作定语修饰某一名词或代词,这个句子就叫定一名词或代词,这个句子就叫定语从句。语从句。(定语定语)(定语从句定语从句)He is a student who works very hard.先行词先行词放置于名词或代词之放置于名词或代词之_关系词关
2、系词1.引导定语从句引导定语从句3.在从句中充当一个成分在从句中充当一个成分后后(被定语(被定语从句修饰从句修饰的词)的词)2.代替先行词代替先行词关系词关系词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词1.指人指人2.指物指物3.指某一情况指某一情况that who whom whosethat which whosewhich as不能放于句首不能放于句首放于句中或句首放于句中或句首“正如正如”when where why(=介词介词+which)a.Is this the factory_ we visited last year?b.Is this the house _Lincoln once
3、lived?(which/that)where解题点拨解题点拨:将先行词代入从句,看其在从句中充当将先行词代入从句,看其在从句中充当 什么成分什么成分 若是作若是作主语主语、宾语、宾语、表语或定语、表语或定语,用,用关系代词关系代词that,which,whom,whosethat,which,whom,whose等。等。若是作若是作状语(加介词)状语(加介词),则用则用关系副词关系副词where,where,when,whywhen,why等;等;关系词的确定关系词的确定代入法:代入法:(in which)运用运用“代入法代入法”写出代入后的从句,并选出正确答写出代入后的从句,并选出正确答案
4、:案:1.The reason _ she gave to us was not true.2.The reason _ she gave up teaching was her serious illness.A.that B.which C.for which D.why用用思思考考代入后的从句:代入后的从句:she gave the reason to us代入后的从句:代入后的从句:she gave up teaching for the reasonA/BC/D运用运用“代入法代入法”写出代入后的从句,并选出正确答写出代入后的从句,并选出正确答案:案:1.The gentleman_
5、 you told me yesterday proved to be a thief A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom2.Have you seen the film Titanic,_ leading actor is world-famous?A.its B.its C.whose D.which用用思思考考代入后的从句:代入后的从句:you told me about the gentleman yesterday 代入后的从句:代入后的从句:the film Titanics leading actor is world-famousc.Is
6、 this house _ we visited last year?the one如果主句缺成分,要先补充主句的成分。如果主句缺成分,要先补充主句的成分。运用运用“代入法代入法”并根据搭配选择介词并根据搭配选择介词 I dont know the foreigner _ _ my teacher shook hands.He stood by the window,_ _ he could see what was happening outside.throughwith whowhich注意:注意:介词介词+which(指物指物),介词,介词+whom(指人指人)有的介词短语是不能分开的
7、,因为这些介词存有的介词短语是不能分开的,因为这些介词存在于关系密切的固定短语中如:在于关系密切的固定短语中如:look after,look for等。等。This is the pencil that Ma Lili is looking for.介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句whom1).This is the reason _ _ he left his hometown.2).Ill never forget the day _ _ we stayed together3).This is the girl _ _I learned the news.4).T
8、his is the girl _ is taken good care _ in the hospital.5).I dont like the way_ _ you laughed at her.for which/whyon which/whenfrom whomofin which/thatwho()先行词是先行词是the way 并在从句中作状语时并在从句中作状语时,关关系代词用系代词用that/in which或或省略省略.1).a.I saw some trees,and the leaves of _ were black with disease.b.I saw some t
9、rees,the leaves of _ were black with disease.2).a.This is a good table,on the surface of _ there is a dirty spot.b.This is a good table,but on the surface of _ there is a dirty spot.解题点拨解题点拨:是否有是否有连词连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。themwhich _易混句型易混句型1.1.定语从句与并列句定语从句与并列句whichita.The news _our volleyb
10、all team won the b.match made us excited.b.The news _he told me yesterday is exciting.that(that/which)解题点拨解题点拨:that引导的引导的定语从句定语从句是对其先行词的是对其先行词的修饰或限制修饰或限制;thatthat在句中在句中要要作成份作成份(作宾语省略作宾语省略),),指物时可用指物时可用whichwhich代替。代替。而而同位语从句同位语从句是对前面名词内容的是对前面名词内容的说明和解释说明和解释;that在从句中仅起连接作用在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份不充当成份,不能省,不能
11、省略略,不能用不能用whichwhich代替。代替。.定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)a.It was at seven oclock _he went to school this morning.b.It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning.解题点拨:解题点拨:强调句型强调句型 It is/was+被强调部被强调部分分 +that/who+其它部分;其它部分;去掉去掉 It is/was.that/who,句子照样成立句子照样成立;定语从句则不然。定语从句则不然。thatwhe
12、n.定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句(强调句)(强调句)(定语从句)(定语从句)1)He has got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why巩固提高巩固提高:situation,point,case,agreement,disagreement 等在定语从句中做先行等在定语从句中做先行词被看作是一种抽象地点,词被看作是一种抽象地点,从句引导从句引导词用词用where2)Have you remembered a
13、nything _I told you?A.where B.which C.when D.that先行词为物并是不定代词先行词为物并是不定代词all,some,any,anything,something,nothing等等,或当先或当先行词受行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰等代词修饰时时只能用只能用that3.Which is the book _he wants to borrow?A.where B.which C.when D.that句中如果已经有句中如果已经有which,who等疑问等疑问词,为避免重复词,为避免重复,只用只
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