创业管理(李雪灵)pa.ppt
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1、Part IV:Supplementing Your Testing SE-307 Software Testing ContentsnAutomated Testing and Test ToolsnBug Bashes and Beta TestingPart IV:Supplementing Your Testing Automated Testing and Test ToolsContentsContentsnThe Benefits of Automation and ToolsnTest ToolsnSoftware Test AutomationnRandom Testing:
2、Monkeys and GorillasnRealities of Using Test Tools and AutomationThe Benefits of Automation and ToolsThe Benefits of Automation and ToolsnBackgroundnRegression testing:This process of rerunning your tests is known as regression testing.nThe work of regression testing is enormousnSoftware test tools
3、and automation can help solve this problem by providing a more efficient means to run your tests than by manual testing.The Benefits of Automation and ToolsThe Benefits of Automation and ToolsnThe principal attributes of tools and automation arenSpeed.nEfficiency.nAccuracy and Precision.nResource Re
4、duction.nSimulation and Emulation.nRelentlessness.nNOTEnSoftware test tools arent a substitute for software testers they just help software testers perform their jobs better.Test ToolsTest ToolsnAs a software tester youll be exposed to a wide range of testing tools.The types of tools that youll use
5、are based on the type of software that youre testing and whether youre performing black-box or white-box tests.nImportant distinction between two types of tools non-invasive and invasive.nIf a tool is used only to monitor and examine the software without modifying it,its considered non-invasive.nIf,
6、however,the tool modifies the program code or manipulates the operating environment in any way,its invasive.Test ToolsTest ToolsnThe major classes of testing tools and how theyre used.nViewers and Monitors nA viewer or monitor test tool allows you to see details of the softwares operation that you w
7、ouldnt normally be able to see.nCode coverage analyzers,communications analyzer,the code debuggers that come with most compilers.Test ToolsTest ToolsnDrivers nDrivers are tools used to control and operate the software being tested.nBatch file,replace the keyboard and mouse of the system being tested
8、 with an additional computer.nStubs nStubs,like drivers,were mentioned in Chapter 7 as white-box testing techniques.nEmulatorTest ToolsTest ToolsnStress and Load Tools nThe Stress program allows you to individually set the amounts of memory,disk space,files,and other resources available to the softw
9、are running on the machine.nLoad tools are similar to stress tools in that they create situations for your software that might otherwise be difficult to create.nInterference Injectors and Noise GeneratorsnTheyre similar to stress and load tools but are more random in what they do.Test ToolsTest Tool
10、snAnalysis Tools nWord processing softwarenSpreadsheet softwarenDatabase softwarenFile comparison softwarenScreen capture and comparison softwarenDebuggernBinary-hex calculatornStopwatchnVCR or cameraSoftware Test AutomationSoftware Test AutomationnMacro Recording and PlaybacknThe most basic type of
11、 test automation is as you run recording your keyboard and mouse actions your tests for the first time and then playing them back when you need to run them again.nMacro recorders and players are a type of driver tool.Drivers are tools used to control and operate the software being tested.nOn the Mac
12、 you can use QuicKeys;on Windows the shareware program Macro Magic is a good choice.nBe careful:nThe biggest problem is lack of verification.nA slight change in the GUI could throw off your captured steps.Software Test AutomationSoftware Test AutomationnProgrammed Macros nCreate programmed macros by
13、 programming simple instructions for the playback system to follow.nProgrammed macros such as this one have some real advantages over recorded macros.Although they still cant perform verification of the test results,they can pause their execution to prompt the tester(see Figure 15.8)with an expected
14、 result and a query for her to okay whether the test passed or failed.Software Test AutomationSoftware Test AutomationnProgrammed Macros(continue)nListing 15.1.A Simple Macro That Performs a Test on the Windows Calculatorn1:Calculator Test#2n2:n3:n4:123-100=n5:n6:Software Test AutomationSoftware Tes
15、t AutomationnProgrammed Macros(continue)nYoure still missing two important pieces,though,to perform complex testing.nProgrammed macros are limited to straight-line execution they can only loop and repeat.Variables and decision statements that youd find in a regular programming language arent availab
16、le.nYou also dont have the ability to automatically check the results of your test.For these,you need to move to a comprehensive automated testing tool.Software Test AutomationSoftware Test AutomationnFully Programmable Automated Testing Tools nThe most important feature that comes with these automa
17、tion tools is the ability to perform verification,actually checking that the software is doing whats expected.There are several ways to do this:nScreen captures.nControl values.nFile and other output.Software Test AutomationSoftware Test AutomationnFully Programmable Automated Testing Tools(continue
18、)nTo get more information about several of the popular test automation products available,visit the following websites:nSoftware Development Technologies at nMercury at nSegue Software at Random Testing:Monkeys and GorillasRandom Testing:Monkeys and GorillasnAnother type of automated testing,though,
19、isnt designed to help run or automatically run test cases.Its goal is to simulate what your users might do.That type of automation tool is called a test monkey.nWhen your software is released to the public,it will have thousands or possibly millions of people using it.Despite your best efforts at de
20、signing test cases to find bugs,some bugs will slip by and be found by those users.Random Testing:Monkeys and GorillasRandom Testing:Monkeys and GorillasnDumb MonkeysnIt just clicks or types randomly.n例:1:RANDOMIZE TIMERn 2:FOR i=1 TO 10000n 3:PLAY“CLICK”+STR$(INT(RND*640)+”,”+STR$(INT(RND*480)+”n 4
21、:PLAY CHR$(RND*256)n 5:NEXT i Random Testing:Monkeys and GorillasRandom Testing:Monkeys and GorillasnDumb MonkeysnIt doesnt seem to make sense that simple random clicking and typing could find a bug,but it does for a couple reasons:nGiven enough time and attempts,just like the monkeys writing Shakes
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